AP World: Chapter 26 Flashcards

138407517	Abdul Hamid	Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908	0
138407518	al-Afghani	Muslim thinker at the end of the 19th century; stressed need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology; recognized importance of tradition of rational inquiry	1
138407519	Muhammad Ali	Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Mamluks; established mastery of all Egypt by 1811; introduced effective army based on Western tactics and supply and a variety of other reforms; by 1830s was able to challenge Ottoman government in Contstantinople; died in 1848	2
138407520	Boxer Rebellion	Popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from China; failed because of intervention of armies of Western powers in China; defeat of Chinese enhanced control by Europeans and the power of provincial officials	3
138407521	compradors	Wealthy new group of Chinese merchants under the Qing dynasty; specialized in the import-export trade on China's south coast; one of the major links between China and the outside world	4
138407522	Cixi	Ultraconservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty; supported Boxer Rebellion in 1898 as a means of driving out Westerners.	5
138407523	Hong Xiuquan	Leader of the Taiping rebellion; converted to specifically Chinese form of Christianity; attacked traditional Confucian teachings of Chinese elite	6
138407524	Kangxi	Confucian scholar and Manchu emperor of Qing dynasty from 1661 to 1722; established high degree of Sinification among the Manchus	7
138407525	Khartoum	River town that was administrative center of Egyptian authority in Sudan	8
138407526	khedives	Descendants of Muhammed Ali in Egypt after 1867; formal rulers of Egypt despite French and English interventions until overthrown by military coup in 1952	9
138407527	Lin Zexu	Distinguished Chinese official during the early 19th century; charged with stamping out the opium trade in southern China; ordered blockade of confiscation of opium; sent into exile following the Opium War	10
138407528	Opium War	Fought between the British and Qing China beginning in 1839; fought to protect British trade in opium; resulted in resounding British victory, opening of Hong Kong as British port of trade	11
138407529	Puyi	Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while still a small boy in 1912	12
138407530	Suez Canal	Built across Isthmus of Suez to connect Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors; with increasing indebtedness of khedives, permitted intervention of British into Egyptian politics to protect their investments	13
138407531	Taiping Rebellion	Broke out in south China in the 1850s and early 1860s; led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-Christianized prophet; sought to overthrow Qing dynasty and Confucian basis of scholar-gentry	14
138407532	Tanzimat reforms	Series of reforms in Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style university, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms, resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876	15