Soc: Chapter 5 Flashcards

126567795	Axum	kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; received strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity	0
126567796	Ethiopia	a Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of Eastern Africa; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa; overthrow Axum; had trade contacts with Mediterranean	1
126567797	Silk Roads	the most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the European, Indian, and Chinese; transmitted goods and ideas among civilizations	2
126567798	Shintoism	religion of the early Japanese culture; worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world (polytheistic, animistic); offered food and prayers to gods and nature spirits	3
126567799	Olmec Culture	featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion; beginnings of calendrical and writing systems	4
126567800	Maya	extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and mathematical systems; higly developed religion	5
126567801	Inca	group of clans, centered at Cuzco; empire that incorporated various Andean cultures; careful agriculture; creation of elaborate cities and religious monuments	6
126567802	Polynesians	people from Polynesia; reached islands such as Fiji and Samoa	7
126567803	Yellow Turbins	Chinese Daoists who launched a revolt in 184 in China promising a golden age brought about by divine magic	8
126567804	Rajput	regional princes in India following the collapse of the Empire; emphasized military control of their regions	9
126567805	Islam	major world religion based on the prophecies of Muhammad; split into 2 groups of believers, Sunni and Shia	10
126567806	Allah	the supreme God in the monotheistic Islam	11
126567807	Byzantine Empire	Eastern half of the Roman Empire following the collapse of the West; retained particularly Greek culture; capital at Constantinople; lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam	12
126567808	Justinian	Eastern Roman emperor who tried to restore unity of the old Roman Empire; known for issuing most famous compilation of Roman Law; built the Hagia Sophia	13
126567809	Augustine	influential church father and theologian; Bishop of Hippo; champion of Christian doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long-term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination	14
126567810	Coptic Church	Christian minority; larger church branch from the split of North African Christianity	15
126567811	Bodhisattvas	Buddhist holy men; built up spiritual merits during their lifetimes; prayers even after death could aid people to achieve reflected holiness	16
126567812	Mahayana	Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as God or Savior	17
126567813	Jesus of Nazareth	prophet and teacher among the Jews; believed by Christians to be the Messiah	18
126567814	Paul	one of the first Christian missionaries; moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish Law; use of Greek as language of the Church	19
126567815	Pope	Bishop of Rome; head of the Christian Church in western Europe	20
126567816	Benedict	founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire; known for establishing Benedictine Rule; paralleled development of Basil's rules in the Byzantine Empire	21
126567817	Han and Gupta dynasty	both suffer invasions from nomadic tribes -huns-	22
126567818	Government Corruption	increases, particularly in the Confucian civil service exam	23
126567819	Signs of Decline in China and India	gov't corruption, increased taxs, promises of golden age brought about by religious magic, civil war, new diseases	24
126567820	Signs of decline in Rome	Declining population, difficulty maintaining an army; had to hire Germanic mercenaries,series of weak and corrupt emperors, increased financial difficulties, lack of tax revenues, new diseases, lack of scholarship, creation of manor-like feudal systems	25
126567821	Constantinople	becomes second capital	26
126567822	476	Rome is sacked	27
126567823	Samsara	wheel of reincarnation in Buddhism	28
126567824	Christianity	legalized in 313	29