Ch. 20B Vocab. Flashcards

128459328	Great Northern War	Russia vs. Sweden over the control of the Baltic, Russia had Poland, Denmark and Saxony as allies. Treaty of Nystad is where Russia gained Latvia and Estonia and thus gained its Window on the West in the Baltic Sea, caused by Russia building St. Petersburg on Sweedish soil. (Russia wins)	0
128459329	Maccartney Mission	1793: sent to negotiate trade agreement with china (wanted free trade throughout china and standard tax, carries 600 gifts for the emperor to show GB's power but the emperor was not even present and maccartney was asked to bow down to an empty thrown. offensive. china has a "thanks but no thanks" attitude	1
128459330	Muscovy	A former principality in west-central Russia. Centered on Moscow, it was founded c. 1280 and existed as a separate entity until the 16th century, when it was united with another principality to form the nucleus of the early Russian empire. The name was then used for the expanded territory.	2
128459331	Ural Mountains	a mountain range in western Russia extending from the arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia	3
128459332	Tsar	From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505)	4
128459333	Siberia	The extreme northeastern sector of Asia, including the Kamchatka Peninsula and the present Russian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Strait, and the Sea of Okhotsk, a region of central and eastern Russia, stretching from the Ural mountains to the pacific ocean, known for its mineral resources and for being a place of political exile	5
128459334	Cossacks	peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements.	6
128459335	Strogonovs	civ. Russia, the main Russian force that is credited by Russia's massive eastward expansion with the help of the Cossacks	7
128459336	Serf	peasants on a manor; they were bound to the land; they were not slaves who could be bought and sold—still they were not free	8
128459337	Peter the Great	-(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725) -enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite -capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg -Westernized Russia -built up a massive Russian army -interested in building grand cities like those in Western Europe	9
128459338	Treaty of Nerchinsk	in 1689, it was the first treaty between russia and china. the russians gave up the area south of the amur river and east of the mouth of the amur river but kept the area between the amur river and lake baikal in exchange for permission to trade with china and china's recognition of the russian empire	10