AP World: Chapter 16 Flashcards

128482825	Boers	Dutch settlers in Cape Colony (in southern Africa)	0
128482827	British East India Company	Government charted joint-stock company that controlled spice trade in the East Indies after the Dutch, A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years	1
128482829	Calcutta	Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years' War; later became administrative center for all of Bengal	2
128482831	Cape Colony	Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 to provide a coastal station for Dutch ships traveling to and from the East Indies; settlers expanded and fought with Bantu and other Africans	3
128482832	Cape of Good Hope	Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India	4
128482834	Christopher Columbus	Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in Americas	5
128482836	coercive labor systems	included slavery, indentured servitude, and serfdom	6
128482838	core nations	Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials	7
128482840	dependent economic zones	Regions within the world economy that produced raw materials; dependent on European markets and shipping; tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor (ex. Brazil)	8
128482842	Dutch East India Company	Government charted joint-stock company that controlled routes to the Spice Islands	9
128482843	Ferdinand Magellan	Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed Spain to claim Philippines	10
128482845	Francisco Pizarro	Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish	11
128482847	Henry the Navigator	Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of western European expansion	12
128482850	Lepanto	Naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire resulting in a Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims	13
128482851	mercantilism	Economic theory that stressed governments; promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe	14
128482853	mestizos	People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain; often part of forced labor system	15
128482854	New France	French colonies in North America; extended from St. Lawrence River along Great Lakes and down Mississippi River valley system	16
128482856	Seven Years' War	Fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763; resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America	17
128482858	Treaty of Paris	Arranged in 1763 following Seven Years' War; granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar island in Caribbean	18
128482860	Vasco de Balboa	First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains	19
128482862	Vasco da Gama	Portuguese explorer; in 1497-1498 led first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route	20
128482863	world economy	Created by Europeans during the late 16th century; based on control of the seas; established an international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products	21