chapter 23 Flashcards

125124049	Astrolabe	Navigational instrument for determining latitude.	0
125124050	Christianity	Religion emerging from Middle East in the first century C.E. holding Jesus to be the son of God who sacrificed himself on behalf of mankind.	1
125124051	Columbian Exchange	Global proliferation of plants, crops, animals, human populations, and diseases following Columbus' voyage.	2
125124052	Cross staff	Device that sailors used to determine latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or pole star above the horizon.	3
125124053	East India Company	British joint-stock company that grew to be a state within a state in India; it possessed its own armed forces.	4
125124054	Joint-stock companies	Early forerunner of the modern corporation; individuals who invested in a trading or exploring venture could make huge profits while limiting their risk.	5
125124055	Manila	Busy port city that became the Spanish capital of the Philippines following Spanish conquest of the Philippines in 1565.	6
125124056	Manila Galleons	Heavily armed, fast ships that brought luxury goods from China to Mexico and carried silver from Mexico to China.	7
125124057	Melaka	Powerful Islamic state of the fifteenth century in southeast Asia.	8
125124058	Seven Years War	Conflict (1756-1763) in which Britain fought in Europe, India, North America, and Asia and established hegemony.	9
125124059	United East India Company (VOC)	Dutch joint-stock company, founded in 1602, that operated Dutch trading posts with government support but with little government oversight.	10
125124060	Volta do mar	"Return through the sea," a fifteenth-century Portuguese sea route that took advantage of the prevailing winds and currents.	11
125124061	Wind wheels	Prevailing wind patterns in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans north and south of the equator; their discovery made sailing much safer and quicker.	12