AP Wolr History Unit 3 Flashcards

130087338	Vasco Da Gama	One of the first Portuguese sailors to round the Cape of Good Hope in search of spices	0
130087339	Lateen sails	Triangular sails that allowed for more manuverability of ships beacause they caught side winds	1
130087340	Maritime technology	technology that assisted sailors and merchants in their maritime expeditions	2
130087341	Bartholomeu Dias	Another Portuguese sailor who looked for spices in India, went back at Cape of Good Hope	3
130087342	Christopher Columbus	gained permission from Fernando and Isabella to look for a western route to Asia; found the Americas; expedition official start of the Columbian Exchange	4
130087343	James Cook	Important english explorer; charted east Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Vanuato, and Hawii	5
130087344	Circumnavigation	the act of traveling around the whole world	6
130087345	Vitus Bering	Danish navigator who searched for a Northwest Passage to Asian ports	7
130087346	Trading-post empires	empires dependent on the income of the merchants; trading posts	8
130087347	English (British) East India Co. (BEIC)	powerful joint-stock trading company	9
130087348	VOC	powerful joint-stock trading company; "Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compaigne"	10
130087349	Prince Henry the Navigator	young Portuguese prince; in charge of Portuguese explorations	11
130087350	"Columbian Exchange"	the exchange of plants, animals, ideas, people, disease, and cultures	12
130087351	Entrepot	trading post	13
130087352	Manila galleons	sleek, fast, heavily armed spanish ships capable of carrying large cargoes	14
130087353	Martin Luther	Roman Catholic priest who disagreed with some of the churches practices; stated the Protestant Reformation	15
130087354	95 Thesis	Matin Luthers list of complaints about some Roman Catholic church	16
130087355	Henry VIII	Turtor king; powerful Btitish king takes England our of Roman Catholic church	17
130087356	Missionary	a traveling religious persons who looks to spread his/her faith	18
130087357	Council of Trent	council of Roman Catholic church officials that met to discuss some issues mentioned by Luther	19
130087358	Society of Jesus	Catholic reformation group founded by Loyola	20
130087359	Thirty Years' War	war of religion; Catholic vs Protestant; in german states; resolved with the Peace of Westphalia	21
130087360	Treaty or Peace of Westphalia	critical European document that concluded with Sovernty (within its borders, a nation can control what religion is practiced	22
130087361	Protestant	follower of Martin Luthers and the Protestant Reformation	23
130087362	Charles V	spanish king; ran empire with money off of American labor; went into debt	24
130087363	Siege of Vienna	Ottoman siege led by Selim the Grim ("Suleyman the Conqueror")	25
130087364	Glorious Revolution	when parliment desposed of King James II and invited his daugter Mary and her Dutch husband to take the throne	26
130087365	Louis XIV	French absolute ruler; king at 5-7; built palace of Versailles	27
130087366	Peter I	Romanov tsar; goal to make Russia a military model of Europe	28
130087367	Versailles	palace of the French king Louis XIV	29
130087368	St. Petersburg	famous Russian city; named after Pert the Great	30
130087369	Catherine II	wife of Peter I's grandson; also sought to make Russia a great military power	31
130087370	Balance of Power	no state ruled all; all equal significance	32
130087371	Capitalism	an economic system in which private parties make their services and goods available on a free market	33
130096518	Adam Smith	wrote a book " the weath of nations" during the enlightenment	34
130096519	Joint-stock companies	early forerunner of the modern corporation; individuals who invested in a trading or exploiting venture could make a huge profits while limiting their risks	35
130096520	Putting-out system	method of getting around guild control by deliverying unfinished materials to rural households for completion.	36
130096521	Ptolemaic universe	the theory that all planets revolved around the earth and the earth did not move	37
130096522	Copernican universe	the theory that all planets revolved around the sun	38
130096523	Newton	in his work, united the heavens and earth in a vast, cosmic system with mathematical evidense	39
130096524	deism	an elightenment view that accepted existence of a god by denied supernatural aspects of Christianity	40
130096525	John Calvin	carly Protestant; believes in predestenation; founder of calvanism	41
130096526	John Locke	english philosopher; worked to discover the natural law of politics	42
130096527	Hernan Cortes	conqueror of the Aztecs; an entrepenuer; captured Tenochtithan; assisted by Dona Maria	43
130096528	Dona Marina/Malintzin	daughter of a native prince; becomes a slave to Cortez	44
130096529	Treaty of Tordesillas	settled by the pope; divided land of the Americas between Spain and Portugal	45
130096530	Encomienda	system that gave spansih settlers (encomenderos) the right to force the Americans to work in the mines or fields	46
130096531	Smallpox	disease to the new world and decrease population	47
130096532	Seven Years' War	(French and Indian War in America); French vs. England	48
130096533	Conquistadors	spandish explorers who conquered central/south america in 16th century	49
130096534	Francisco Pizarro	conquero of the Inca; pig-farmer; capture Incan emperor; demands gold then kills him	50
130096535	Mestizo (metis)	latin american term for the babies of spanish and native parentage	51
130096536	Viceroy	part of the spanish colonial administration, local governors/legions	52
130096537	Settler colony	e.g. British colonies; bring families and grow in the northwest (Americas)	53
130096538	Mulattoes	mixed-race, african-european	54
130096539	Peninsulares	latin american officials from spain or portual; french loose canada, indian land	55
130096540	Potosi	where the spansih discovered silver	56
130096541	Mita system	natives had to work for and time; jobs=mines, etc. native laborers; death rate high	57
130096542	Silver trade	treasure galieaons from americas with silver	58
130096543	Hacienda	large latin american estates	59
130096544	Sugar plantations	cash crop	60
130096545	Fur trade	mostly in north america esp by the french/canadian; environmental effects	61
130096546	Tabacco	cash crop; native to the americas (makes way to virginia) fuels slave trade	62
130096547	Indentured servitude	wealthy planters would pay europeans to sell a portion of their lives working for passage to the americas	63
130096548	Sunni Ali	ruler of sonhay empire	64
130096549	Songhay	along Niger river; decline with morauan army	65
130096550	Kingdom of Kongo	lower region; 1480's relations with portugese later destroyed by slave trade	66
130096551	Antonian movement	kongol/angol region; synthesized christianity with african beliefs	67
130096552	Manioc	a plant that goes from south america to africa, grows well there	68
130096553	Middle passage	the atlantic ocean; leg of triangle trade (where slaves were transported)	69
130096554	Olaudah Equiano	african slaves described slave trade in a biography; earned freedom	70
130096555	Plantation societies	cultures that were self-contained; variety of jobs	71
130096556	Maroons	runaway slaves; developed cultures; hidden away; results as well	72
130096557	Creole languages	mixed languages; different african languages as well as spanish etc	73
130096558	Call-and-response	church etr; african tradition	74
130096559	Queen Nzinga of Ndongo	resists portuguese forces; creates synthetic christianity	75
130096560	Manchus	non- chinese people of the north; conquer ming empire; started quin	76
130096561	Ming dynasty	after Yaun in China; rebuilt Great Wall of China	77
130096562	Qing dynasty	ruled by Manchus (non-chinese)	78
130096563	Eunuchs	castrated men; not a threat without possible family to take over after them; could obtain powerful positions	79
130096564	Forbidden City	Bejing; built by Manchus	80
130096565	Queue	hair style; shaved front of head with braid in back; required, punishable by death	81
130096566	Qing Kangxi	confucian scholar; enlightened ruler/conqueror	82
130096567	Qing Qianlong	reigned over height of Qing; composed more than 100,000 poems; connoisseur of art	83
130096568	Son of Heaven	belief that the emperor was a heavenly son	84
130096569	Scholar-Bureaucrat	(usually) confucian scholar; worked for government	85
130096570	Infanticide	killin of babies, especially girls	86
130096571	Zheng He	admiral who took large chinese fleet to Indian Ocean	87
130096572	Treasure ships	manila galleons en route to China	88
130096573	"Mean people"	soldiers, enterrainers, prostitutes	89
130096574	Matteo Ricci	Italian Jesuit; goal to convert China to Chritianity; popular in Ming imperial court	90
130096575	Shogun	methos od rule in Japan	91
130096576	Daimyo	feudal system of Japan; refer to 'lords' of Japan's feudal society	92
130096577	Samuri	literally "those who serve"; the hereditary military elite of the Tokugawa Shogunate	93
130096578	Shintoism	Indigenous Japanese religion; Buddhism to Confucianism also played roles	94
130096579	Francis Xavier	Jesuit missionary who traveled to Japan	95
130096580	Dutch learning	Japanese learning things from the Dutch because only Dutch were allowed to interact at Nagasaki	96
130096581	Shah Jahan	emperor of Mughal India; buile Taj Mahal and Peacock Throne	97
130096582	Peacock throne	an elegant throne of gold, diamonds, rubies, saffires, and emeralds; built by Shah Jahan	98
130096583	Taj Mahal	beautiful mosque and tomb built by Shah Jahan for his deceased wife Mumtaz Muhal	99
130096584	Osman Bey	the fou nder of the Ottoman empire; Bey=chief	100
130096585	Ghazi	muslim religious warriors	101
130096586	Devshirme	Ottoman requirement that the Chritians in the Balkans provide young boys to be loyal warriors of the sulton	102
130096587	Janissaries	loyal soldiers to the sultan who were taken from their Christian communities as young boys	103
130096588	Mehmet II	"Mehmed the conqueror"; captured Constantinople, named himself emperor; ruler of two lands (Asia and Europe) and two seas (Mediterranean and Black Sea)	104
130096589	Selim Ismail	founder of Safavid empire; traced ancestory back to Safi al-Din (12th Shiite)	105
130096590	Selim the Grim	"Suleyman the Magnificent"; conquered Bagdad, Tigris, Euphrates, and Belgrade; made Ottomans powerful naval force	106
130096591	Twelver Shiism	branch of Islam; 12 perfect religious leaders after Muhammad; 12th went into hiding and will return to walk with Jesus at the end of the world.	107
130096592	Qizilbash	red hat with 12 pleats in memory of the 12 Shiite imams	108
130096593	Babur	Zahir al-Din Muhammad; Chaatai Turk; founder of Mughal empire; took Delhi; didnt care about conquered lands	109
130096594	Akbar	real Mughal leader; grandson of Babur; killed original military leader and took over; religious tolerance	110
130096595	"Divine faith"	syncretic religion focused on emperor as ruler common to all religious, ethnic, and socual groups in India	111
130096596	Aurangzeb	ruler under which Mughal empire reached its height; by 18th c, empire covered all of India but a small region at the southern tip	112
130096597	Coffeehouses	houses devoted to drinking coffee and smoking tobacco; result of Columbian Exchange	113
130096598	Safavids	later persian empire, founded by Shah Ismail; became center of Shiism; height under Shah Abbas; cetered around capital of Isfahan	114
130096599	Millet	an automamous self-governing community in the Ottoman empire	115
130096600	Telescope in Islamis empires	a technology that Islamic clerks rejected	116
130096601	Printing press in Islamic empires	introduced by Jew refugees from Spain; opperated in major cities	117