Chapter 16 Flashcards

258122526	What is an absolute monarchy?	A monarchy that is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution	0
258122527	Catholic Reformation	Restatement of traditional Catholic beliefs in response to Protestant Reformation	1
258122528	Edict of Nantes	Grant of tolerance to protestants in France in 1598; granted only after the lengthy civil war between Catholic and Protestant fractions	2
258122529	English Civil War	was a conflict from 1640 t0 1660 that featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy;ended with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following the execution of the previous king	3
258122530	Enlightenment	Intellectual movement centered in France during the 18th century;featured scientific,advance application of scientific methods to study human society	4
258122531	Humanism	focus on humankind as center of intellectual and artistic endeavor;method of study that emphasized the superiority of classical forms over medieval styles	5
258122532	Jesuits	A new religious order founded during the Catholic Reformation;active in politics,education,and missionary work,sponsored missins to South America,North America,and Asia	6
258122533	John Harvey	An English physician (17th century) who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals,function of heart as pump	7
258122534	Martin Luther	German Monk,initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing 95 theses to door of Whittenberg castle,emphasized primacy of faith over works stressed in Catholic church.accepted state control of church	8
258122535	Mary Wollstonecraft	Enlightenment feminist thinker in England,argued that new political tights should extend to women	9
258122536	Mercantilism	economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of import from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues,popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe	10
258122537	Protestantism	General wave of religious dissent against Catholic church ,began with Marin Luther's attack on Catholic beliefs in 1517	11
258122538	Rene Descartes	established importance of skeptical review of all received wisdom (17th century) argued that human reason could then develop laws that would explain the fundamental workings of nature	12
258122539	Scientific Revolution	culminated in the 17th century;period of empirical advances associated with the development of wider theoretical generalizations;resulted in change in traditional beliefs of Middle Ages	13
258122540	Thirty Years War	war within the Holy Roman Empire between German protestants and their allies (Sweden,Denmark,France) and the emperor and his ally,Spain,ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia	14
258122541	Treaty of Westphalia	Ended Thirty Years' War in 1648;granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic	15
258122542	Copernicus	Polish monk and astronomer (16th century);he disproved the Hellenistic belief that the earth was at the center of the universe	16
258122543	Galileo	Published Copernicus's findings (17th century);added his own discoveries concerning laws of gravity and planetary motion;condemned by the Catholic church for his work	17
258122544	Isaac Newton	English scientist during the 17th century established principles of motion;defined forces of gravity	18
258122545	Louis XIV	French monarch of the late 17th century who personified absolute monarchy	19