Chapter 13 Flashcards

123060161	Taika reforms	attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.	0
123060163	Tale of Genji	written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society.	1
123060165	samurai	mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor.	2
123060167	bakufu	military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real powere resided in military government and samurai.	3
123060169	Hojo	Warrior family closely allied with Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers who claimed to rule in name of Japanese emperor at Kyoto.	4
123060171	Kamakura Shogunate	was a military dictatorship in Japan headed by the shoguns from 1185 to 1333 based in Kamakura.	5
123060173	Koguryo	Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 B.C.E.; adopted cultural Sinification.	6
123060175	Paekche	Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century.	7
123060177	Khmers	Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong river delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south.	8
123060179	Le Dynasty	was the longest-ruling dynasty of Vietnam, from 1428 to 1788.	9
123060181	Keian	Japanese city later called Kyoto; built to escape influence of Buddhist monks.	10
123060183	Fujiwara	Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.	11
123060185	seppuku	Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.	12
123060187	shoguns	military leaders of the bakufu (military governments in Japan).	13
123060189	Ashikaga Shogunate	replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan; ruled from 1336 to 1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority.	14
123060191	Onin War	was a civil war that lasted 10 years (1467-1477) during the Muromachi period in Japan. A dispute between Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana Sōzen escalated into a nationwide war involving the Ashikaga shogunate and a number of daimyo in many regions of Japan.	15
123060193	sinification	extensive adaption of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.	16
123060195	Yi Dynasty	Korean dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence.	17
123060197	Chams	Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south.	18
123060199	Trinh	Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south.	19
123060201	Nara Period	history of Japan that covers the years from AD 710 to 794. Empress Gemmei established the capital of Heijō-kyō (present-day Nara). Except for 5 years (740-745), when the capital was briefly moved again, it remained the capital of Japanese civilization until Emperor Kammu established a new capital, Nagaoka-kyō, in 784 before moving to Heian-kyō, or Kyoto, a decade later in 794.	20
123060203	bushi (bushido)	regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies.	21
123060205	Gempei Wars	waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira.	22
123060207	Minamoto	defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12-century Japan.	23
123060209	Choson	Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 B.C.E.	24
123060211	daimyos	warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini states.	25
123060212	Silla	independent Korean kingdoms in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment ; ruled united Korea by 688.	26
123060214	Taira	powerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with Minamoto family; defeated after Gempei Wars.	27
123060216	Ashikaga Takuaji	member of the Minamoto family; overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.	28
123060217	Trung Sisters	leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 C.E.; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society.	29
123060219	Nguyen Dynasty	Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue.	30
123060221	tribute states	Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue.	31
123060223	kami	nature spirits of Japan.	32
123060225	gatekeepers	scholar gentry elite	33