Early Latin America Flashcards

South Atlanta LSJ World History Class

109444291	Ferdinand of Aragon	(1479-1516) won the first Italian War against Charles VII of France, married Isabella of Castile, led the Reconquista and began the Inquisition with his wife	0
109444292	Isbella of Castile	Princess who married Prince Ferdinand of Aragon who joined lands and became the King and Queen and joined their lands to become Spain, responsible for Spanish Inquisition	1
109444293	encomiendas	rights to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans	2
109444294	Hispanola	the first island that was found by Christopher Columbus	3
109444295	Carribean	where columbus and his men landed after crossing atlantic	4
109444296	encomendero	the holder of an encomienda who was able to use the people as workers or to tax them	5
109444297	Bartolome de Las Casas	First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor, (476	6
109444298	Moctezuma II	Last Aztec emperor, overthrown by the Spanish conquistador Hern?n Cort?s. (p. 437)	7
109444299	Hernan Cortes	Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)	8
109444300	Mexico City	the capital and largest city of Mexico is a political and cultural and commercial and industrial center	9
109444301	New Spain	After the defeat of the Aztecs, it was a Spanish colony. Its capital was Mexico City.	10
109444302	Francisco Vazquez de Coronado	the leader of the expedition sent by the viceroy to conquer Cibola	11
109444303	Pedro de Valdivia	Spanish conquistador; conquered Araucanian Indians of Chile and established city of Santiago in 1541.	12
109444304	Potosi	Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America. (p. 479)	13
109444305	Huancavelica	Location of greatest deposit of mercury in South America; aided in American silver production; linked with Potosí.	14
109444306	haciendas	Rural estates in Spanish colonies in New World; produced agricultural products for consumers in America; basis of wealth and power for local aristocracy.	15
109444307	consulado	Merchant guild of Seville; enjoyed virtual monopoly rights over goods shipped to America and handled much of the silver received in return.	16
109444308	galleons	Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion.	17
109444309	Treaty of Tordesillas	Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.	18
109444310	letrados	University-trained lawyers from Spain in the New World; juridical core of Spanish colonial bureaucracy; exercised both legislative and administrative functions.	19
109444311	Recopilacion	Body of laws collected in 1681 for Spanish possessions in New World; basis of law in the Indies.	20
109444312	Council of the Indies	The institution responsible for supervising Spain's colonies in the Americas from 1524 to the early eighteenth century, when it lost all but judicial responsibilites.	21
109444313	viceroyalities	2 major divisions, one on lima, one on mexico city	22
109444314	audiencias	Courts appointed by the king who reviewed the administration of viceroys serving Spanish colonies in America.	23
109444315	Pedro Alvares Cabral	Portuguese leader of an expedition to India; blown off course in 1500 and landed in Brazil	24
109444316	capitaincies	Strips of land along Brazilian coast granted to minor Portuguese nobles for development; enjoyed limited success in developing the colony.	25
109444317	Paulistas	Backswoodsmen from São Paulo, Brazil; penetrated Brazilian interior in search of precious metals during the 17th century.	26
109444318	Minas Gerais	Region of Brazil located in mountainous interior were gold strikes were discovered in 1695; became location for gold rush.	27
109444319	Rio de Janerio	Brazil	28
109444320	socieded de castas	American social system based on racial origins. Europeans or whites at top, black slaves or Native Americans at bottom, mixed races in the middle. This accompanied the great cultural fusion in the formation of Latin America.	29
109444321	peninsulares	Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class	30
109444322	Creoles	descendents of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status	31
109446079	amigos del pais	Clubs and asociations dedicated to improvements and reform in Spanish colonies; flourished during the 18th century; called for material improvements rather than political reform	32
109446080	War of the Spanish Succession	a general war in Europe (1701-1714) that broke out when Louis XIV installed his grandson on the throne of Spain	33
109446081	Charles III	royal Spanish imperial reformer who attempted to end bureaucratic corruption by introducing the intendant system to the empire	34
109446082	Jose de Galvez	Spanish minister of the West Indies and chief architect of colonial reform; moved to eliminate creoles from upper bureaucracy of the colonies; created intendents for local governments	35
109446083	Marquis of Pombal	prime minister of Portugal from 1755 to 1776; acted to strengthen royal authority in Brazil; expelled Jesuits; enacted fiscal reforms and established monopoly companies to stimulate the colonial economy.	36
109446084	Comunero Revolt	One of popular revolts against Spanish colonial rule in New Granada (Colombia) in 1781; suppressed as a result of divisions among rebels.	37
109446085	Tupac Amaru	Mestizo leader of Indian revolt in Peru; supported by many among lower social classes; revolt eventually failed because of Creole fears of real social revolution.	38