AP World: Chap 3 Flashcards

114087050	Alexander The Great	the successor of Philip II; Alexander successfully conquered the Persian empire prior to his death in 323BCE. Attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures but failed.	0
114087051	Himalayas	mountain region marking the northern border of the Indian subcontinent; it was the site of the Aryan settlements that formed small kingdoms or warrior republics.	1
114087052	Monsoons	seasonal winds crossing Indian sub continent and southeast Asia; during summer they bring rain	2
114087053	Aryans	Indo-Europeans, nomadic pastoralists who replaced the Harappan civilization. Aryans were a highly militarized society.	3
114087054	Sanskrit	The sacred and classical Indian language	4
114087055	Vedas	Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century BCE onward	5
114087056	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duties; written down in the last centuries BCE; previously handed down in oral form.	6
114087057	Ramayana	One of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife.	7
114087058	Upanishads	Later books of the vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by the Brahmans in order to maintain religious authority.	8
114087059	Varnas	clusters of caste groups in Aryan society; four social caste: Brahman (priest), warriors, merchants, and then peasants. beneath the four caste systems are the socially untouchable Dasas.	9
114087060	Untouchables	Low social caste in Hindu culture; performed the ridiculing tasks, such as street sweeping, removal of human waste, and tanning.	10
114087061	Indra	Chief deity of the Aryans. Depicted as a colossal hard-drinking warrior	11
114087062	Chandragupta Maurya	the founder of the Maurya dynasty; first empire in the Indian subcontinent; first centralized form of Gov, since Harappan civilizations	12
114087063	Mauryan Dynasty	established in the Indian subcontinent in the 4th century BCE, following the invasion by Alexander the Great.	13
114087064	Ashoka (r. 273-232BCE)	the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; he completed conquest of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored the spread of the new religion (Buddhism) through the empire	14
114087065	Dharma	The caste position and career determined by a persons birth; Hindu culture required that one must accept one's social position and perform the occupation to the best of ones ability in order to have a better situation when reincarnated.	15
114087066	Kautilya	the political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya. Kautilya believed in scientific application of warfare	16
114087067	Gurus	originally referred to as Brahmans who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas.	17
114087068	Vishnu	The Brahman, and later Hindu, God of sacrifice, widely worshiped.	18
114087069	Shiva	Hindu, God of destruction and reproduction, worshiped as the personification of cosmic forces of change.	19
114087070	Reincarnation	The living on of the soul, into a new life.	20
114087071	Buddha	The founder of Buddhism, who found enlightenment. was raised as a wealthy Chinese boy.	21
114087072	Nirvana	the Buddhist state of Enlightenment, a state of tranquility	22
114087073	Karmasutra	the sex bible	23
114087074	Stupas	Stone shrines built to house pieces of bone or hair and personal possessions said to be relics of the Buddha.	24
114087075	Scholar-Gentry	Chinese class created by marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi, the governors of China basically.	25