AP World-Chapter 4 Flashcards

114832720	Cyrus the Great	established massive Persian empire by 550 BCE; successor state to Mesopotamian	0
114832721	Zoroastrianism	animist religion that saw material existence as a battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; the chief religion of the Persian empire	1
114832722	Olympic Games	One of the pan-Hellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involving athletic competitions and ritual celebrations	2
114832723	Pericles	Athenian political leader during the 5th century BCE; guided to development of the Athenian Empire; died during the early stages of the Peloponnesian War	3
114832724	Peloponnesian Wars	Wars from 431-404 BCE between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece. Spartan victory, but failed to unify Greece	4
114832725	Phillip II	Ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 BCE; founder of a centralized kingdom; later conquered the remaining parts of Greece; which became subject to Macedonian rule	5
114832726	Hellenistic Period	The culture that associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquest; often seen as the combo of Greek culture with eastern political forms	6
114832727	Alexandria, Egypt	One of the cities founded by Alexander the Great; the site of the Mediterranean's greatest library, a center of literary studies	7
114832728	Roman Republic	The balanced constitution of Rome from (c. 510-47BCE), it featured and aristocratic senate, which was a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies	8
114832729	Punic Wars	Fought between Rome and Carthage to establish dominance in the western Mediterranean, won by Rome after 3 separate conflicts/battles	9
114832730	Carthage	Originally a Phoenician colony in northern Africa, became a major port and commercial power in the western Mediterranean.	10
114832731	Hannibal	Great Carthaginian general during second punic war; successfully invaded and conquered Italy, but failed to conquer Rome, finally defeated at the battle of Zama	11
114832732	Julius Caesar	Roman general responsible for the conquest of Gaul; brought the army back to Rome and then overthrew the Republic, assassinated in 44BCE by conservative senators	12
114832733	Augustus Caesar (Octavian)	(63BCE-14CE) First emperor of Rome. established the basic structures of the Roman empire	13
114832734	Diocletian	Roman emperor from (284-305CE) restored the later empire by improving administration and instating tax collection	14
114832735	Constantine	Roman emperor from (312-337CE) established the second capital of Constantinople; attempted to use Christianity to unify the empire.	15
114832736	Direct Democracy	Where the people participate directly in assemblies that make laws and select leaders, rather than electing representatives.	16
114832737	Senate	Assembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic, one of the early elements of the Roman constitution	17
114832738	Consuls	two chief executives or magistrates of the roman republic; elected by an annual assembly dominated by the aristocracy	18
114832739	Cicero	Conservative Roman senator; Stoic philosopher; one of the great orators of day; killed in reaction to the assissination of Julius Caesar	19
114832740	Aristotle (384-322BCE)	Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; his knowledge was based off observations of phenomenas in the world. was very popular, that's why his ideas were chosen over Democritus	20
114832741	Stoics	Hellenistic group of philosophers; which emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the personal body and personal bravery.	21
114832742	Socrates	Athenian philosopher of the later 5th century BCE; the tutor of Plato; he urged rational reflection of moral decisions condemned to death for corrupting the mind of Athenian young.	22
114832743	Sophocles ( 496-406BCE)	Greek writer of tragedies.	23
114832744	Iliad	Greek epic poem written by Homer, passed down orally, defined Gods and monsters which shaped the Greek myths.	24
114832745	Odyssey	Greek epic poem written by Homer, passed down orally, defined Gods and monsters which shaped the Greek myths.	25
114832746	Doric	Along with Ionian and Corinthian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture. the least ornate of the 3 styles.	26
114832747	Ionic	A distinct style of Hellenistic period more ornate than Doric but less than Corinthian	27
114832748	Corinthian	The most ornate style of Hellenistic architecture.	28