Ch. 16 Vocab. Flashcards

118659479	Papacy	The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head	0
118659480	Indulgence	the remission by the pope of the temporal punishment in purgatory that is still due for sins even after absolution	1
118659481	Protestant Reformation	Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England	2
118659482	Catholic Reformation	Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline	3
118659483	Witch-hunt	The pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries	4
118659484	Scientific Revolution	The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science.	5
118659485	Enlightenment	a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions	6
118659486	Bourgeoisie	the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people	7
118659487	Joint-Stock company	A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts	8
118659488	Stock Exchange	An organized system for buying and selling shares, or blocks of investments, in corporations	9
118659489	Gentry	people of standing(rank or position); people of good family or high social position; class of people just below nobility	10
118659490	Little Ice Age	Temporary but significant cooling period between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries; accompanied by wide temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms, causing famines and dislocation.	11
118659491	Deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves. (p. 462)	12
118659492	Holy Roman Empire	Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806	13
118659493	Habsburg	A powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman Emperors, founded the Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Empire, and ruled sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Spain	14
118659494	English Civil War	Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following execution of previous king	15
118659495	Versailles	Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility.	16
118659496	Balance of Power	distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong	17