AP World History Ch 17. Flashcards

111458302	Gutenberg, Johannes	Introduced movable type to western Europe greatly expanded availability of printed books and pamphlets.	0
111458303	Thirty Years War	War within the Holy Roman Empire between GermanProtestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia	1
111458304	Harvey, John	English physician (17th century) who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals, function of heart as pump.	2
111458305	Northern Renaissance	Cultural and intellectual movement of northern Europe; began later than Italiam Renaissance c. 1450; centered in france, Low countries, England, and Germany; featured greater emphasis on religion that Italian Renaissance.	3
111458306	edict of Nantes	Grant of tolerance to Protestants in France in 1598; granted only after lengthy civil war between Catholic and Protestant faction.	4
111458307	Frederick the Great	Prussian king of the 18th century; attempted to introduce Enlightenment reform into Germany; built on military and bureaucratic foundation of his predecessors; introduced freedom of religion; increased state control of economy.	5
111458308	Deism	Concept of God current during the Scientific Revolution; role of divinity was to set natural laws in motion, not to regulate once precess was begun	6
111458309	Treaty of Westphalia	Ended Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion neither Protestant or Catholic	7
111458310	Wollstonecraft, Mary	Enlightenment feminist thinker in English; argued that new political rights should extend to women	8
111458311	Locke, John	english philosopher during 17th century; argued that people could learn everything through senses and reason; argued that power of government came from the people. not divine right of kinds; offered possibility of revolution to overthrow tyrants.	9
111458312	Glorious Revolution	English overthrow of James II in 1688 resulted in affirmation of parliament as having basic sovereignty over the king	10
111458313	English Civil War	Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputed mized with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the nomarchy in 1660 following execution of the previous king	11
111458314	proletariat	Class of working people without access to producing property; typically manufacturing worker, paid laborers in agricultural economy, or urban poor in Europe, product of economic changes of 16th and 17th centuries	12
111458315	Descartes, RenZ	Established importance of skeptical review of all recieved wisdom (17th century); argues that human reason could then develop laws that would explain the fundamental workings of nature	13
111458316	humanism	Focus on humankind as center of intellectual and artistic endeavor; method of study that emphasized the superiority of classical forms over medieval styles, in particular the study of ancient languages	14
111458317	Calvin, Jean	French Protestant (16th century) who stressed doctrine of predestination; established center of his group at Swiss canton of Geneva; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education; Calvinism spread from Switzerland to northern Europe and North America.	15
111458318	Enlightenment	Intellectual movement centered in France during the 18th century; featured scientific advance, application of scientific methods to study of human society; belief that rational laws could describe social behavior.	16
111458319	Absolute monarchy	Concept of government developed during rise of nation-states in western Europe during the 17th century; featured monarchs who passed laws without parliaments, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established state churches, imposed state economic policies	17
111458320	Anglican Church	Form of Protestantism set up in England after 1534; established by Henry VIII with himself as head, at least in part to obtain a divorce from his first wife; became increasing Protestant following Henry's death	18
111458321	Louis XIV	French monarch of the late 18th century who personified absolute monarchy	19
111458322	Smith Adam	Established liberal economics (Wealth of Nations, 1776); argued that government should avoid regulation of economy in favor of the operation of market forces.	20
111458323	Jesuits	A new religious order founded during the Catholic Reformation; active in politics, education, and missionary work; sponsored missions to South America, North America, and Asia.	21
111458324	Catholic Reformation	Restatement of traditional Catholic beliefs in response to Protestant Reformation (16th century); established councils that revived Catholic doctrine and refuted Protestant beliefs.	22
111458325	parliamentary monarchy	Originated in England and Holland, 17th century, with kings partially checked by significant legislative powers in parliaments	23
111458326	Luther, Martin	German monk; initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing 95 these to door of Wittenberg church; emphasized primacy of faith over works stressed in Catholic church, accepted state control of church	24
111458327	Protestantism	General wave of religious dissent against Catholic church; generally held to have begun with Martin Luther's attack on Catholic beliefs in 1517; included many varieties of religious belief.	25
111458328	Copernicus	Polish monk and astronomer (16th century); disproved Hellenistic belief that the earth was at the center of the universe.	26
111458329	Galileo	Published Copernicus' findings (17th century); added dis own discoveries concerning laws of gravity and planetary motion; condemned by the Catholic church for his work.	27
111458330	Francis I	King of France in the 16th century, regarded as Renaissance monarch; patron of arts; imposed new controls on Catholic church; ally of Ottoman sultan against Holy Roman emperor	28
111458331	Scientific revolution	Culminated in 17th century; period of empirical advances associated with the development of wider theoretical generalizations; resulted in change in traditional beliefs of Middle Ages.	29
111458332	Witchcraft persecution	reflected resentment against the poor, uncertainties about religious truth; resulted in death of over 100,000 Europeans between 1590 and 1650; particularly common in Protestant areas.	30
111458333	Newton, Isaac	English scientist during the 17th century; author of Principia; drew the various astronomical and physical observations and wider theories together in a neat framework of natural laws; established principles of motion; defined forces of gravity	31
111458334	European-stle family	Originated in 15th century among peasants and artisans of western Europe, featuring late marriage age, emphasis on the nuclear family, and a large minority who never married.	32
111458335	Machiavelli, Niccolo	Author of The Prince (16th Century); emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power; one of the most influential authors of Italian Renaissance.	33