chapter 17 Flashcards

113846516	Who was Niccolo Machiavelli?	- Author of the prince -emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power	0
113846517	humanism.	Focus on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor.	1
113846518	in what was did the Renaissance have an impact on politics and commerce?	- merchants improved banking techniques and became more profitable. - city-state leaders experimented with new political forms and functions and they justified their rule on the basis of what they could do to advance general well-being and their city's glory. they also sponsored cultural activities and tried to improve the administration of the economy. - developed more professional armies.	2
113846519	Explain why the Renaissance in Italy began to decline around 1500.	- French and Spanish invasion - New Atlantic trade routes reduced the importance of Mediterranean ports.	3
113846520	Where did the Northern Renaissance take place?	France The low countries Germany England styles also affected Hungary and Poland.	4
113846521	What are some of the differences between the Italian Renaissance and he Northern Renaissance?	-northern humanists were more religious than their Italian counterparts -tried to blend secular interests with continued Christian devotion -Wrote in vernacular	5
113846522	Francis I	-became a patron of the arts -allied with the Ottoman Sultan - politics strategy > religion	6
113846523	What was Johannes Gutenberg responsible for in Western Europe?	- introduced movable type and then printed the first bible on it.	7
113846525	At what age were most people married by the 16th century?	late 20s	8
113846526	How did access to property affect marriages in the 16th century?	If you didn't have access to property you couldn't marry.	9
113846527	Who is most commonly associated with starting the Protestant Reformation during the 16th century?	Martin Luther -nailed 95 theses go ghd door of the castle church in Wittenberg	10
113846528	what are theses?	propositions	11
113846529	indulgences.	grants of salvation	12
113846531	Why was Protestantism so popular among the German princes?	German peasants saw Luther's attack on society as a sanction for their own social rebellion against landlords.	13
113846533	Explain why Henry the VIII established the Anglican Church in England.	he wanted to divorce his first wife because she couldn't give him a son	14
113846534	On what concept was john Calvin's Protestantism based? Explain this term.	...	15
113846535	How did calvinism shape politics?	...	16
113846536	What areas were defended by the Catholic Church successfully?	...	17
113846537	What is the Catholic Reformation?	...	18
113846538	What role did the Jesuits play in the Catholic Reformation?	...	19
113846539	Explain the Edict of Nantes.	...	20
113846540	What were the results of the Thirty Years' War and the Treaty of Westphalia?	...	21
113846541	how was the English Civil War both a religious and political war?	...	22
113846542	In what ways did the political balance change due to the various religious wars in Europe?	...	23
113846543	How was the concept of family altered due to the Reformation?	...	24
113846544	What other important change took place because of the religious change?	...	25
113846545	Explain what happened during the commercial revolution.	...	26
113846546	What effect did the commercial revolution have on the average Western peasant?	...	27
113846547	What population group was born from the commercial changes taking place in Europe?	...	28
113846548	How did many of the communities respond to this new class of people in society?	...	29
113846549	What was the Scientific Revolution?	...	30
113846550	Which scientist disproved the Hellenistic belief that the Earth was the center of the universe?	...	31
113846551	Why is there controversy over Copernicus' mathematical work?	...	32
113846552	WHat contribution did Johannes Kepler make to science?	...	33
113846553	Who would become known as the father of anatomy?	...	34
113846554	Who was Galileo?	...	35
113846555	Who discovered the circular movement of blood in animals?	...	36
113846556	How did francis Bacon and Rene Descartes contribute to the scientific revolution?	...	37
113846557	What was the purpose of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica.?	...	38
113846558	Explain the Deists view of God.	...	39
113846559	How did Western science differ from other civilizations?	...	40
113846560	List the features of an absolute monarchy.	...	41
113846561	Who best represented the idea of absolute monarchy?	...	42
113846562	Explain the economic theory of mercantilism.	...	43
113846563	Where else did the absolute monarchy form of government form of government spread?	...	44
113846564	What areas stood apart from the growing trend of absolute monarchies in Europe?	...	45
113846565	What was the Glorious Revolution in England?	...	46
113846566	Explain John Locke's role in England become a parliamentary monarchy.	...	47
113846567	Define parliamentary monarchy.	...	48
113846568	Why was absolute monarchy becoming inefficient in France?	...	49
113846569	Explain how Frederick the Great can be considered an enlightened despot.	...	50
113846570	What was the Enlightenment?	...	51
113846571	Explain what Adam Smith argued for in his 1776 book Wealth of Nations.	...	52
113846572	How is Denis Deiderot related to the Enlightenment?	...	53
113846573	List the basic principles of the Enlightenment.	...	54
113846574	Who was Mary Wollstonecraft and what does she represent?	...	55
113846575	How did the attitudes of parents change in regards to raising children?	...	56
113846576	List changes in agriculture during the late 17th century.	...	57
113846577	Define capitalism.	...	58
113846578	What was manufacturing like during the 18th century?	...	59
113846579	Explain the significance of John Kay;s flying shuttle.	...	60
113846580	How was the population affected by these changes in agriculture, commercialism, and manufacturing?	...	61
113846581	What combined to create a very unusual agricultural civilization by 1750?	...	62