1450-1750 Flashcards

112562630	Martin Luther	- German monk - initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing 95 theses to door of Wittenberg Church - emphasized primacy of faith over works stressed in Catholic church - accepted state control of church	0
112562631	John Locke	- English philosopher during 17th century - argued that people learn everything through sense and reason - argued that power of government came from the people, not divine right of kings - offered possibility of revolution to overthrow tyrants	1
112562632	Enlightenment	- intellectual movement centered in france during the 18th century - featured scientific advance, application of scientific methods to study human society - believe that rational laws could describe social behavior	2
112562633	Jean Calvin	- french protestant (16th century) who stressed doctrine of predestination - established center of his group in Geneva, switzerland - encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education - calvinism	3
112562634	Galileo	- published corpernicus findings - adding own discoveries concerning laws of gravity and planetary motion - condemned by the catholic church for his work	4
112562635	Thirty Years War	- war within holy roman empire between german protestants and their allies and the emperor of his ally, spain - ended in 1648 after great destruction with treaty of westphalia	5
112562636	Adam Smith	- established liberal economics - argued that government should avoid regulations of economy in favor of the operation of market forces	6
112562637	Isaac Newton	- english scientist during the 17th century - author of principia - drew various astronomical and physical observations and wider theories in a neat framework - established principle of motion - defined forces of gravity	7
112562638	Deism	- concept of god during the scientific revolution - role of divinity was to set natural laws in motion, not to regulate once process was begun	8
112562639	Glorious Revolution	- english overthrew james II in 1688 - resulted in affirmation of parliament as having basic sovereignty over the king	9
112562640	English civil War	- conflict from 1640 to 1660 - featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning powers of the monarchy - ended with restoration of the monarchy	10
112562641	Jesuits	- a mew religious order founded during the catholic reformation - active in politics, education, and missionary work	11
112570738	Council of Trent	-people are saved because the grace of God and the sacrifice of Jesus, not of their own merit. And a person cannot be justified without faith.	12
112570739	Spanish Inquisition	- Developed in medieval europe to maintian catholic orthodoxy. - Tribunals were established to try heretics, or dissenting christians. - By definition heretic could not be a person of another religion. - Ferdinand and Isabella started spanish inquisition in 1478	13
112570740	absolute monarchy	- monarchs who passed laws without parliaments	14
112570741	capitalism	- is an economic system with three characteristics: private property, profit motive, and free enterprise.	15
112570742	Voltaire	- religion shouldn't have a prominent role, if any role at all. - Because I think the people have a potential to do great things, I think that people should rule and that monarchy shouldn't exist	16