AP World History; Chapter 17 Flashcards

105497537	Who did the Frankish Empire fall to?	Fallen due to internal power struggles and a series of invasions by Muslims, Hungarian Magyars, and Vikings	0
105497538	What was the political organization after the fall of the Franks?	Political authority devolved to local & regional jurisdictions; Europeans then had decentralized political order	1
105497539	How did the Roman empire finally disintegrate?	cities lost population with invasions and conquests for power, that disrupted trade/ manufacturing; imperial institutions declined without the resources and legitimacy from Rome	2
105497540	Who were the Franks?	Constructed a society that drew on agricultural resources, rather than participate in the commercial world of the Mediterranean basin	3
105554026	What did the Franks do politically, socially and culturally?	-oversaw the development of decentralized political institutions -Shifted the power from Italy to northern France -Made a firm alliance with the western christian church & helped maintain w. europe's religious/cultural primacy	4
105554027	Clovis	(r.481-511) Dominant political and militaristic power in w. Europe; imposed authority on the franks; organized campaigns against other germanic peoples in bordering states	5
105554028	Clovis's Conversion	Converted to Roman Christianity; attracted alligence to the Christian population--which strengthened the Franks	6
105554029	The Carolingians	Aristocratic clan that displaced the line of Clovis & asserted authority	7
105554030	Charles Martel	Founder of the Carolingian dynasty; known for the Battle of Tours & sought further expansion into w. europe	8
105554031	Charlemagne	Charles Martel's grandson; temporarily re-est. central imperial rule & expanded his empire greatly	9
105554032	Charlemagne's administration	Relied on aristocratic deputies, counts, to hold military, political and legal authority locally	10
105554033	Missi Dominici	Charlemagne's group of imperial officers that traveled every year to local jurisdictions and reviewed the accounts of local authorities	11
105554034	Louis the Pious	Charlemagne's only surviving son & succeeded him, yet he lost control of the counts and other local administrations & the Carolingian empire eventually dissolved	12
105554035	What was the cause of the Norse expansion?	quest for wealth through trading and raiding in the Carolingian empire & neighboring lands, population growth fueled by increased agriculture in Scandinavia, lashing out at Christian missionaries trying to abolish pagan gods & beliefs	13
105554036	The Vikings	Sailors from scandinavia that used their maritime skills towards raiding and plundering settlements of e. europe to Mediterranean lands	14
105633502	What was England's response to the 9th century invasions?	Series of small kingdoms est. by Angles, Saxons and other Germanic peoples merged into one single realm	15
105633503	King Alfred	leader of the England unification, expanded empire & built a navy to challenge the Vikings; est. as Kings of England	16
105633504	What was Germany's response to the 9th century invasions?	Carolingian authorities were unable to prevent invasions by Maygars; local lords took over & est. an effective regional state	17
105633505	King Otto I of Saxony	Ended the Maygar threat & pope proclaimed him Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (962)	18
105633506	What was France's response to the 9th century invasions?	Local authorities dominated & pulled out of the central government; est. their own laws and encouraged a decentralized state	19
105633507	What was the overall effect of the fall of the Carolingian empire?	Effective regional kingdoms competed, and put an end to the 9th century invasions and est. a stable political order; laid foundation for social, economic and cultural development	20
105633508	Feudal System	Social order to early medival europe, based on a heirarchy of lords and vassals & serfs and manors; maintained order in the absence of a central gov't	21
105633509	Lords & Retainers	Lord provided retainer with beneficence, land (fief), & resources to maintain horses/ military equipment; Retainer owed lord obedience, respect, counsel & military services	22
105633510	What were some potential threats to stability?	Conflicting relationships btw lords & retainers; foundation of powerful states	23
105633511	Serfs	Free peasants that turned themselves & their lands over for the lord's protection; preformed agricultural tasks and intermarried.	24
105633512	Serfs Obligations	Labor services and rents, could not leave land w/o permission, passed lands on to heirs	25
105633513	Manors	Large agricultural estate controlled by lords & deputies; self- sufficient communities	26
105633514	What was agriculture like during the early middle ages	Suffered from repeated invasions	27
105633515	Heavy Plows	(6th century) could turn heavy northern soils, & increased production during the 8th c; cultivation of new lands, watermills and rotating crops	28
105633516	Who traded in the mediterranean basin?	Italian & Spanish merchants traded with Muslims	29
105633517	What was the significance of Norse Merchant mariners?	In the North baltic seas, they followed the Viking routes & traded w/ Abbasid & Byzantine empires(imported Abbasid silver used in european coinage)	30
105633518	What was the Frank's influence on the Church?	Viewed themselves as protectors of the papacy, Charlemagne worked to spread christianity in northern lands.	31
105633519	How did Christianity spread?	Charlemagne's military campaigns forced the Saxons to convert; by 1000 all of w. europe had converted to roman christianity	32
105633520	Pope Gregory I	Organized defense of Rome against Lombard's menance, reasserted papal primacy over bishops, emphasized atonement & confession	33
105633521	What were the rules of Monasticism?	St. Benedict provided regulations; Monks had to possess virtues of poverty, chastity and obedience	34
105633522	St. Scholastica	St. Benedict's sister (a nun); provided guidance for religious life for women	35
105633523	What were the roles of monasteries?	Dominated cultural & social life; accumulated large land holdings, organized rural labor for for agriculture, provided social services & centers of learning	36