Chapter 9 Flashcards

114559357	Byzantine Empire	Eastern half of Roman Empire following collapse of western half of old empire; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam; capital at Constantinople.	0
114559358	Hagia Sophia	new church constructed in Constantinople during reign of Justinian.	1
114559359	icons	images of religious figures that became objects of veneration within Christianity of the Byzantine Empire; particularly prevalent in Eastern monasticism.	2
114559360	Balkans	People from the Peninsula located in south-eastern Europe, including Macedonia and Greece, plus what became Bulgaria; controlled by the Byzantine Empire.	3
114559361	Belisarius	(c.505- 565) One of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of re-conquest of Western Europe; commanded in North Africa and Italy.	4
114559362	Justinian	6th century Byzantine emperor; failed to conquer the western portions of the empire; rebuilt Constantinople; codified Roman law.	5
114559363	Greek Fire	Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back the Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople.	6
114559364	Vladimir I	Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev from 980- 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity.	7
114559365	boyars	Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in Western Europe.	8
114559366	Theodora	Justinian's highly influencing wife; courtesan connected with Constantinople's horse racing world; eager for power.	9
114559367	Bulgaria	Slavic kingdom established in northern portions of Balkan Peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014.	10
114559368	Cyril and Methodious	Missionaries sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic.	11
114559369	Cyrillic	Based on the Greek alphabet and used by Slavic languages heavily influenced by the Eastern Orthodox Church. Attributed to the missionary work St. Cyril in the ninth century.	12
114559370	Russian Orthodoxy	Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments.	13
114559371	tatars	Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact.	14
114559372	Greek Orthodoxy	The body of modern churches, including among others the Greek and Russian Orthodox, which is derived from the church of the Byzantine Empire, adheres to the Byzantine rite, and acknowledges the honorary primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople.	15
114559373	tsar	Term used for the emperor's of Russia, literally means Caesar.	16
114559374	schism	Division of a group into opposing factions.	17
114559375	Kiev	Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century.	18