Vocabulary 5 #2 Flashcards

164662341	Government of India Act (1935)	Was the last pre-independence constitution of the British Raj. It granted Indian provinces autonomy. Direct elections are introduced for the first time. The right to vote was increased from seven million to thirty-five million.	0
164662343	Great Leap Forward	The disastrous economic policy introduced by Mao Zedong that proposed the implementation of small-scale industrial projects.	1
164662345	Guomindang (Kuomintang)	China's Nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912 and based on democratic principles; in 1925, the party was taken over by Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek), who made it into a more authoritarian party.	2
164662347	Iron Curtain	Term coined by Winston Churchill for the political barrier isolating Soviet dominated Eastern Europe from Western Europe.	3
164662349	Korean Conflict	Conflict between Communist and non-Communist forces in Korea from June 25, 1950, to July 27, 1953.	4
164662351	Kulaks	Russian peasants who became wealthy under Lenin's New Economic Policy.	5
164662353	Marshall Plan	A U.S. plan to support the recovery and reconstruction of Western Europe after World War II.	6
164662355	May Fourth Movement	A 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence.	7
164662357	New Economic Policy (NEP)	Lenin's policy that allowed some private ownership and limited foreign investment to revitalize the Soviet economy.	8
164662359	Nonalignment	The policy of some developing nations to refrain from aligning with either the United States or the Soviet Union during the Cold War.	9
164662361	North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)	A defense alliance between nations of Western Europe and North America formed in 1949.	10
164662363	Perestroika	A restructuring of the Soviet economy to allow some local decision making.	11
164662365	Prague Spring	1968 program of reform to soften socialism in Czechoslovakia; it resulted in the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia	12
164662367	Purges	Joseph Stalin's policy of exiling or killing millions of his opponents in the Soviet Union.	13
164662369	Red Guard	A militia of young Chinese people organized to carry out Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution.	14
164662371	Sandinistas	A left-wing group that overthrew the dictatorship of Nicaraguan Anastacio Somoza in 1979.	15
164662373	Six-Day War	A brief war between Israel and a number of Arab states in 1967; during this conflict Israel took over Jerusalem, the Golan Heights, the Sinai Peninsula, and the West Bank.	16
164662375	Solidarity	A Polish trade union that began the nation's protest against communist rule.	17
164662377	Tiananmen Square	Beijing site of a 1989 student protest in favor of democracy; the Chinese military killed a large number of protestors.	18
164662379	Truman Doctrine	A 1947 statement by U.S. President Truman that pledged aid to any nation resisting communism.	19
164662381	Warsaw Pact	The 1955 agreement between the Soviet Union and the countries of eastern Europe in response to NATO.	20
164662383	Al-Qaeda	A terrorist group based in Afghanistan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.	21
164662385	Cartels	Unions of independent businesses in order to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods.	22
164662387	International Monetary Fund	An international organization founded in 1944 to promote market economies and free trade.	23
164662389	Persian Gulf War	The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.	24
164662391	World Bank	An agency of the United Nations that offers loans to countries to promote trade and economic development.	25
164662392	Euro	The standard currency introduced and adopted by the majority of members of the European Union in January 2002.	26
164662395	European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market)	An economic organization of European states set up by the Treaties of ROME in March 1957. Its member states agreed to coordinate their economic policies, and to establish common policies for agriculture, transport, the movement of capital and labor, the erection of common external tariffs, and the ultimate establishment of political unification.	27
164662397	European Community	An organization of Western European countries, which came into being in 1967 through the merger of the European Economic Community (Common Market or EEC), European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and was committed to economic and political integration as envisaged by the Treaties of Rome. It was superseded in 1993 by the EUROPEAN UNION.	28
164662399	Import Substitution Industrialization	An economic system that attempts to strengthen a country's industrial power by restricting foreign imports.	29
164662401	McDonaldization	Term used by sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1995). He describes it as the process by which a society takes on the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant (efficiency, calculability, predictability, & control); extension of world trade to the Soviet Union.	30
164662403	North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)	An organization that prohibits tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico, the United States, and Canada.	31
164662405	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)	Organization formed in 1960 by oil-producing countries to regulate oil supplies and prices.	32
164662407	World Trade Organization (WTO)	An international organization begun in 1995 to promote and organize world trade.	33