APW Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards

112931554	lateen sail	triangular sail invention, better sailing	0
112931555	astrolabe	device using sun to determine latitude	1
112931556	volta do mar	return through the sea" rout from Canaries to Portugal	2
112931557	Dom Henrique	Prince Henry of Portugal, conquered Moroccan Port --- Ceuta	3
112931558	Sao Jorge de Mina	trading posts in modern Ghana, exchanged Euro horses, leather, textiles, metal for gold & slaves	4
112931559	Bartolemeu Dias	went around cape of good hope	5
112931560	Vasco de Gama	went around Africa to India	6
112931561	Cristoforo Colombo	sailed west looking for asia, hit the americas	7
112931562	Martin Behaim	german cartographer; earliest globe	8
112931563	Ferdinand Magellan	circumnavigated the earth	9
112931564	northwest passage	passage between europe and asia, was never found	10
112931565	Francis Drake	scouted west coast of north america	11
112931566	James Cook	British guy who mapped out a lot of the pacific	12
112931567	Afonso d'Alboquerque	commanded the Portuguese in 1500's and tried to control trade in the Indian Ocean	13
112931568	Goa	capital of Portuguese colonies in Asia until 20th century	14
112931569	Melaka	the dutch conquered _____ in 1641, (in malaysia)	15
112931570	joint-stock company	2 powerful _________ private merchants give money to these companies to allow them to explore	16
112931571	Lopez de Legazpi	spanard who took control of Philippines for trade benefits and to advance Christianity	17
112931572	Mindanao	was a southern island that the spanish did not control	18
112931573	Jan Pieterszoon Coen	he founded Batavia on the island of Java, established a spice trade monopoly for the VOC	19
112931574	Seven years War	world wide conflict, commercial and political rivalries caused it, stemmed the British Hegemony	20
112931575	Columbian Exchange	spread of disease and exchange of goods to america	21
112931576	smallpox	introduced to Americas, devistating population drops	22
112931577	African Slave Trade	Atlantic, transoceanic trade, Euro firearms and goods for slaves to western hemisphere	23
112931578	Manila Galleons	Spanish, sleek, fast, heavily armed ships w/large cargo, bo b/w Manila-Acapulco	24
112931579	Martin Luther	started protestant reformation, wrote 95 theses	25
112931580	Henry VIII	he severed relations with the pope for not letting him divorce, this started the Anglican Church	26
112931581	John Calvin	preached predestination	27
112931582	Council of Trent	catholic reformation, dealt with doctrine and reform	28
112931583	Ignatius of Loyola	he founded the society fo jesus, sought to extend the reformed roman church	29
112931584	St. Teresa of Avila	she was a mystic of Spain, founded strict order of nuns, often experienced visions	30
112931585	witch-hunting	witchcraft becomes scapegoat for all misfortune, most were women, most condemned until 1700	31
112931586	Spanish Armada	king philip II of spain tried to force England to return to Catholocism	32
112931587	Thirty Years War	1618, holy roman emperor tried to force his bohemina subjects to roman cath, other parties joined	33
112931588	Charles V	his empire stritched from vienna to cuzco, peru	34
112931589	Spanish Inquisition	accuse people of heresy, Fernando and Isabel 1478, deterred Protestant Reformation	35
112931590	Charles I	son of james I, guilty of treason,	36
112931591	absolutism	type of government that assigned all authority to the monarcy, based on theoretical foundation known as 'Devine Right'	37
112931592	Louis XIV	absolute monarch in 17th century france, persecuted huguenots, waged costly wars, and contributed to eventual tax problems due to his lavish spending	38
112931593	Versailles	center for european culture and art, Louis XIV moved capital here	39
112931594	Peace of Westphalia	this treaty ended the Thirty Years War in 1648. It allowed each German state to determine its ownn religious affiliation	40
112931595	balance of power	keeping one state from dominating others, froming coalitions to keep states in check	41
112931596	urbanization	rabid growth because centers of government, commerce, and industry	42
112931597	putting -out system	efforts to organize industrial productions, products made in countryside, sold in market	43
112931598	Adam Smith	Scottish philosopher, 18th centruy, society will prosper when individuals pursue own economic interests	44
112931599	Nicolaus Copernicus	commissioned to make new calendar for Polish priest (centered around sun)	45
112931600	Galileo Galilei	used telescope to support heliocentric universe, was forced to "take back everything he said"	46
112931601	Isaac Newton	gravity, creates calculus, physics	47
112931602	Voltaire	satirist, Franois-Marie Arouet, resulted in censorship, Candide	48
112931603	Deism	this belief acknowledged the existence of God but denied supernatural Christian teachings, It claimed that God made the universe but does not intervene in day to day events	49
112931604	Dona Marina	Aztec woman who acted as translator for Hernan Cortes in his conquest of Mexico. She learned Mayan and Spanish and also knew Nahuatl	50
112931605	Tainos aka Arawaks	Most prominent people in the Caribbean. 1st to interact w/ Euros. Interested in trade w/ Spanish	51
112931606	Encomienda	Labor systems that gave Spanish right to make Native Americans work for them for little pay and long hours	52
112931607	Hernan Cortes	Led 450 soldiers to Mexico in 1519, took over Tenochtitlan and murdered Montezuma	53
112931608	Francisco Pizzaro	Spanish dude took over Incan Cuzco in 1530, then Incas became under Spanish control	54
112931609	Audencias	Courts created by Spanish to overlook viceroys. Had the right to speak directly to the king	55
112931610	Treaty of Tordesillas	Pope sponsored this agreement between Spain and Portugal (1494) to divide the world so that Africa and Asia would be Portugese and the Americas would be Spanish	56
112931611	Pedro Alvares Cabral	Portugese mariner who claimed Brazil in 1500. Dispatched a governer to oversee affairs there	57
112931612	Peninsulares	Immigrants in Latin America who were born in Spain or Portugal. Highest social class in latin america	58
112931613	Creoles	People born in Americas w/ Iberian heritage	59
112931614	Mestizos	People with Spanish and Native American heritage	60
112931615	Mulattoes/Zambos	People with African and Spanish/Native American heritage	61
112931616	Potosi	Richest silver mine in the Andes. Spanish forced Native. A's to work dat $#%!	62
112931617	Quinto	Spanish gov's claimed 20% of silver production in Spanish colonies	63
112931618	Repartimiento	Labor system replaced ecomienda in 1500s made N. A's work on farms or mines and they couldn't be kept for more than a few weeks and were supposed to be paid fairly	64
112931619	Engenhos	A plantation or estate dedicated to the production of sugar in Brazil	65
112931620	Benardino de Sahagun	Fransiscan missionary in Mexico preserved N.A. culture before Spanish came	66
112931621	Botany Bay	Site on eastern coast of Australia where James Cook went to. Then British made it prison colony	67
112931622	Chamorro	Natives of Guam and Marian Islands who got owned by Spanish brought smallpox	68