AP World: Chapter 32 Flashcards

151100067	Berlin Wall	Built in 1961 to halt the flow of immigration from East Berlin to West Berlin; immigration was in response to lack of consumer goods and close Soviet control of economy and politics; torn down at end of cold war in 1991
151100068	Common Market	International organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members
151100069	containment	American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world
151100070	eastern bloc	Nations favorable to the Soviet Union in eastern Europe during the cold war-particularly Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and East Germany
151100071	European Union	Began as European Economic Community (or Common Market), an alliance of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, to create a single economic entity across national boundaries in 1958; later joined by Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Austria, Finland, and other nations for further European economic integration
151100072	Harry Truman	American president from 1945-1952; less eager for smooth relations with the Soviet Union than Franklin Roosevelt; authorized use of atomic bomb during World War II; architect of American diplomacy that initiated the cold war
151100073	iron curtain	Phrase coined by Winston Churchill to describe the division between free and communist societies taking shape in Europe after 1946
151100074	Marshall Plan	Program of susbstantial loans initiated by the United States in 1947; designed to aid Western nations in rebuilding from the war's devastation; vehicle for American economic dominance
151100075	North Atlantic Treaty Organization	NATO; created in 1949 under United States leadership to group most of the western European powers plus Canada in a defensive alliance against possible Soviet aggression
151100076	Nikita Khruschev	Stalin's successor as head of USSR; attacked Stalinism in 1956 for concentration of power and arbritary dictatorship; failure of Siberian development program and antagonism of Stalinists led to downfall
151100077	Solidarity	Polish labor movement formed in 1970s under Lech Walesa; challenged USSR-dominated government of Poland
151100078	Warsaw Pact	Alliance organized by Soviet Union with its eastern European satellites to balance formation of NATO by Western powers in 1949
151100079	welfare state	New activism of the western-European state in economic policy and welfare issues after World War II; introduced programs to reduce the impact of economic inequality; typically included medical programs and economic planning