Unit 3 Vocabulary #2 Flashcards

146065954	Council of Trent	meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines critized by the Protestant Reformers	0
146065955	Cassava	The cassava or manioc is a woody shrub that is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrate	1
146065956	Philosophes	French Enlightenment social philosphers	2
146065957	Capitalism	An economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit-making	3
146065958	Empirical Research	Research based on the collection of data	4
146065959	Deism	The concept of God common to the scientific revolution; the deity was believed to have set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws	5
146065960	Flax	originated in India and was first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. Flax is grown both for seed and for its fibers. Various parts of the plant have been used to make fabric, dye, paper, medicines, fishing nets and soap	6
146065961	Catholic Reformation	Counter Reformation; The religious reform movement within the Catholic Church that occurred in response to the Protestant Reformation. It reaffirmed Catholic beliefs and promoted education	7
146065962	Commercial Revolution	The expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries	8
146065963	Harquebus	A heavy protable matchlock gun invented during the 15th century. it was a forerunner of the rifle and other long-arm firearms.	9
146065964	Encyclopedie	Was an excyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1766 by some of the most prominent philosophers. It originally consisted of 28 volumes and covered everything then known about the sciences, technology, and history. it criticized the Church and government and praised religious tolerance	10
146065965	Heliocentric Theory	The concept that the sun is the center of the universe	11
146065966	Indulgence	A documet whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins	12
146065967	Laissez-faire economics	An economic concept that holds that the government should not interfere with or regulate business and industries	13
146065968	Columbian Exchange	The exchange of food crops, livestock, and disease (and people) between the Eastern and Western hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus	14
146065969	Natural laws	Principles that govern nature	15
146065970	Ninety-five theses	The Disputation of martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences, challenged the teachings of the Church on the nature of penance, the authority of the pope and the usefulness of indulgences. they sparked a theological debate that would result in the Reformation and the birth of the Lutheran, Reformed, and Anabaptist traditions within Christianity	16
146065971	Nothern Renaissance	And extension of the italian Renaissance to the nations of nothern Europe; the Northern Renaissance took on a more religious nature than the Italian renaissance	17
146065972	Predestination	The belief of Protestant reformer John Calvin that God had chosen some people for heaven and others for hell	18
146065973	Scientific Revolution	A European intellectual movement in the sixteenth century that established the bassis for modern science	19
146065974	protestant Reformation	A religious movement begun by Martin Luther in 1517 that attempted to reform the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church; it resulted in the formation of new Christian denominations	20
146065975	Gutenberg Bible	A printed version of the latin vugate translation of the Bible that was printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, Germany int he fifteenth century	21
146065976	Factor	An agent with trade privileges in early Russia	22
146065977	Northwest Passage	A passage through the North American continent that was sought by early explorers to North America as a route to trade with the east	23
146065978	Wealth of nations	Published on March 9, 1776, by Adam Smith; clearly written account of political economy at the dawn of the Industrial revolution, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in the field of economics. the work is also the first comprehensive defense of free market polices	24
146065979	Thirty Years War	War from 1618 to 1648 between german Protestants and their allies against the holy Roman emperor and Spain; caused graet destruction. it reduced the German population by almost 60% and German prosperity and power for a full century. The treaty that ended the war granted political independence to the protestant netherlands. The war established the principle of territorial toleration	25
146065980	Huguenots	any of the Protestants (French Calvinists) in France in the 16th and 17th centuries, many of whom suffered severe persecution for their faith. the Edict of nantes (1598) granted them tolerance in France and ended the French civil wars of religion	26
146065981	Romanov dynasty	imperial dynasty of Russia that ruled from 1613 to 1917	27
146065982	Hapsburg Monarchy	(also Habsburg)Austrian royal dynasty, a leading ruling house in Europe from the 13th to 19th century	28
146065983	Akbar (the Great)	(1542-1605) Emperor of India (1556-1605) generally regarded as the greatest ruer of the Moghul Empire. Son and successor of Humayan; built up the military and administrative structure of the dynasty; followed policies of cooperation and toleration with the Hindu majority	29
146065984	Sikhism	Monotheistic religion founded in the Punjab in the 15th century by Guru NANAK. It combines elements elements of Hinduism and Islam, accepting the Hindu concepts of karma and reincarnation but rejecting the caste system, and has one sacred scripture, the Adi Granth	30
146065985	Francis Xavier	Early jesuit missionary often called the Apostle to the Indies. He was an associate of St Ignatius of Loyola, with whom he took the vow founding the Society of jesus (Jesuits). From 1541 he traveled through India, Japan, and the East Indies, making many converts	31
146065986	Hacienda	A large estate with a dwelliing-house, originally given by monarchs in Latin America as a reward for services done. Such estates are known as estancias in Argentina and fazendas in Brazil	32
146065987	Din-i-Ilahi	religion initiated by Akbar in mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindu and muslims in India, but failed	33
146065988	Galleons	large heavily armed ships used to carry silver from the New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion	34