ap world history ch 6,7,and 8 key terms Flashcards

36627774	Islam	Major world religion originating in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula; literally meaning submission; based on the prophecy of Muhammad	0
36627775	Muslim	People who believe and follow the Islamic religion	1
36627776	Qur'an	the holy book of Islam... recitations of revelations received by Muhammad	2
36627777	Hadith	- Traditions of the prophet Mohammad that played a critical role in Islamic law and rituals; recorded by women	3
36627778	Umma	community of the faithful within Islam; creating political unity	4
36627779	Caliph	Political, religious and militaristic leader of Islam	5
36627780	Sunnis	political and theological division within Islam... followers of the Umayyads	6
36627781	Shi'is	followers of Ali	7
36627782	Mawali	non-arab converts to Islam	8
36627783	Jizya	head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories	9
36627784	Dhimmi	Christians and Jews who shared the Bible with Muslims, could be taxed by Muslims	10
36627785	Harem	living quarters reserved for wives and concubines and female relatives in a Muslim household	11
36627786	Ayan	the wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule	12
36627787	Sultan	Islamic title, used for rulers of the muslim country	13
36627788	Seljuk Turks	major branch of the Oghuz turks, ruled parts of central asia and middle east (11-14 centuries)	14
36627789	Crusades	series of military adventures initially launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims (temporarily succeeded in capturing Jersalem and establishing Christian kingdoms)	15
36627790	Ulama	religious leaders - traditional leanings in Islamic Empire	16
36627791	Sufis	mystics within Islam... responsible for expansion of Islam in southeastern Asia	17
36627792	Mongols	central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph	18
36627793	Mameluks	Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance	19
36627794	Sati	Ritual in India of immolating surviving widows with with the bodies of their deceased husbands (they threw dem hoes on the fire (alive) with their dead husbands to be cremated)	20
36627795	Bhakti	groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshipped gods were Shiva and Vishnu	21
36627796	Stateless society	an ethnic group not represented by its own unique, coterminous state	22
36627797	Ifriqiya	the Arabic term for eastern North Africa	23
36627798	Maghrib	the Arabic term for western North Africa	24
36627799	Copts	Christian sect of Egypt; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule	25
36627800	Jihad	is an Arabic word meaning " striving in the way of God", but it is often translated as "holy war". Refer to an armed struggle fought in the defense of Islam to please Allah	26
36627801	Juula	Malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali empire; eventually spread throughout much of West Africa	27
36627802	Griots	West African poet, praise singer, and wandering musician, considered a repository of oral tradition	28
36627803	Timbuktu	Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River	29
36627804	Emir Abdur Rahman	led an army during the crusades, losing to a frech army, ending the Islamic advance from Spain	30
36627805	Sharia	Islamic law	31
36627806	Zanj	Arabic term for the East African coast	32
36627807	Swahili	A Bantu language of the coast and islands of eastern Africa from Somalia to Mozambique	33
36627808	Demography	the study of population	34