Key terms 4 Flashcards

84515020	Cyrus	Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E he conquered Media, Lydia, Babylon.	84515020
84515021	Darius	Third ruler of the Persian Empire (ca. 521-486 B.C.E.). He crushed the widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all major government posts to Persian rather than Medes.	84515021
84515022	Satrap	The governor of a province in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, often a relative of the king. He was responsible for protection of the province and forwarding tribute to the central administration.	84515022
84515023	Persepolis	A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury building erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland.	84515023
84515024	Zoroastrianism	A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda- who engaged in a twelve- thousand- year struggle with demonic forces before prevailing and restoring a pristine world.	84515024
84515025	Polis	The Greek term for city-state, an urban center and the agricultural territory under its control.	84515025
84515026	Hoplite	A heavily armored Greek infantryman of the archaic and classical periods who fought in the close-packed phalanx formation.	84515026
84515027	Tyrant	The term the Greeks used to describe someone who seized and held power in violation of the normal procedures and traditions of the community.	84515027
84515028	Democracy	A system of government in which all "citizens" have equal political and legal rights, privileges, and protection, as in the Greek language city-states of Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E.	84515028
84515031	Sacrifice	A gift given to a deity, often with the aim of creating a relationship, gaining favor, and obligating the god to provide some benefit to the sacrificer, sometimes in order to sustain deity and thereby guarantee the continuing vitality of the world.	84515031
84515032	Herodotus	heir to the technique of historia-"investigation-Developed by Greeks in the late archaic period.	84515032
84515033	Pericles	Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens, supervised construction of the Acropolis and pursued a policy of imperial expansion that lead to the Peloponnesian War.	84515033
84515034	Persian wars	Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire ranging from Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius punitive expedition that failed at Marathon (490 B.C.E.) and the defeat of Xerxes' massive invasion of Greece by the Spartan-led Hellenic League (480-479 B.C.E.).	84515034
84515035	Trireme	Greek and Phoenician warship of the first and fourth centuries B.C.E.	84515035
84515036	Socrates	Athenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) Who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science ethics and human behavior.	84515036
84515037	Peloponnesian war	A protracted (431-404 B.C.E.)And costly conflict between the Athenian and Spartan alliance systems that convulsed most of the Greek world.	84515037
84515038	Alexander	King of Macedonia in the northern Greece. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus valley, founded many Greek style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.	84515038
84515039	Hellenistic age	Historians' term for era, usually dated (323-30 B.C.E.), in which Greek culture spread across western Asia northeastern Africa after the consequences of Alexander the great.	84515039
84515040	Ptolemies	The Macedonian dynasty, descended from one of Alexander the Great officers, that rule Egypt for three centuries (323-30 B.C.E.).	84515040
84515041	Alexandria	City of the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of the Ptolemies.	84515041