chp. 11-13 Flashcards

44298784	Globalization	growth to a global or worldwide scale	0
44298785	Humanism	the proper study of man is man	1
44298786	import	commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country	2
44298787	export	commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country	3
44298788	dar al-Islam	"the abode of peace" is the literal Aribac meaning	4
44298789	supply	an amount of something available for use	5
44298790	demand	the ability and desire to purchase goods and services	6
44298791	scarcity	a small and inadequate amount	7
44298792	commodities	economic goods or products before they are processed and/or given a brand name, such as a product of agriculture	8
44298793	ration	a fixed portion that is allotted (especially in times of scarcity)	9
44298794	World Trade Routes	almost all populous regions of Eurasia, as well as north an east Africa	10
44298795	trade disporas	networks of interconnected commercial communities living and working in major trade cities throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia	11
44298796	pochteca	Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items	12
44298797	timbuktu	a city in central Mali near the Niger river	13
44298798	Sahel	the northern and southern edges of the Sahara Desert	14
44298799	Haji	5th Pillar of Practice; pilgrimage to Mecca; wear simple attire to symbolize the abandonment of the material world for the sake of God	15
44298800	lateen	a triangular fore-and-aft sail used especially in the Mediterranean	16
44298801	Jongs(junks)	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula	17
44298802	Mongols	A member of any of the traditionally nomadic peoples of Mongolia	18
44298803	Ming Dynasty	the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644	19
44298804	Abbasid Empire	founded by Abu- Al Abbas from 700 to 1258 and was based on equality	20
44298805	Pax Mongolica	the Mongolian Peace, over a vast region,in which intercontinental trade could flourish across the reopened silk route	21
44298806	free market economy	an economic system in which the means of production are largely privately owned and there is little or no government control over the markets	22
44298807	zimbabwe	the biggest and most celebrated of several stone enclosures in east Africa dating from the tenth to fifteenth centuries	23
45642359	Yurts	a portable dwelling used by the nomadic people of Central Asia	24
45897201	Chinggis Khan	born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227 prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world	25
45897202	vikings	seafaring, from Scandinavia around the 1000 are well known, documented, and authenticated in the artifacts they left behind in their temporary settlements on the northeast coast of North America	26
45897203	Leif Eriksson	The son of Erik the Red. He sailed from west Norway to Greenland but strong winds blew his ship off course and carried him all the way to the North American coast	27
45897204	William the Conqueror	duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England	28
45897205	Battle of Lepanto	Turkish sea power was destroyed in 1571 by a league of Christian nations organized by the Pope	29
45897206	guilds	a sworn association of people who gather for some common purpose.	30
45897207	Hanseatic League	a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas	31
45897208	Anselm	an Italian who was a Benedictine monk	32
45897209	Thomas Aqinas	a domincain friar and priest who was one of scholastisims champions	33
45897210	Rennaissance	Revival of learning or "rebirth" that ocurred in Europe between 1300 and 1600	34
45916975	The Medici Family	a powerful banking family who had branch offices throughout Italy and in the major cities of Europe.	35
45916976	Michelangelo	Florentine sculptor and painter and architect	36
45916977	Leonardo da Vinci	Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect	37
45916978	Niccolo Machiavelli	a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)	38
45916979	Johannes Gutenburg	German printer; in 1448 he invented a printing press that used movable type.	39
45916980	Henry the Navigator	(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.	40
45916981	Bartolomeu Dias	Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean. (p. 428)	41
45916982	Vasco de Gama	A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean	42
45916983	Chrsitopher Columbus	thought he could reach Asia by sailing west, discovered Bahamas in 1492	43
45916984	Amerigo Vespucci	Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America	44
45916985	Vasco de Balboa	First European to reach the Pacific Ocean, 1513.	45
45916986	Bubonic Plague	the most common form of the plague, Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people	46
45916987	Aztec Empire	A multi-ethnic empire in central Mexico, whose leading ethnicity spoke the Nahuatl language from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century with Tenochtitlan (todays Mexico City) as its capital. The ~ was conquered by the Spanish conquistador, Hernan Cortes in 1520.	47
45916988	Inca	Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.	48
45916989	Toltecs	Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization.	49
45916990	Caravel	A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.	50
45916991	Malay Sailors	Southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean; by 500 C.E., they had colonized Madagascar, introducing the cultivation of the banana	51
45916992	Swahili	the most widely spoken Bantu languages	52
45916993	Silk Road	an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles)	53
45916994	Mali Empire	Formed in 1240 when Sundiata took control of Ghana Empire. It controlled trade across Sahara, the South and the Niger River.	54
45916995	Songhay	successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali	55
45916996	Ibn Battuta	Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.	56
45916997	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain	57
45916998	James Cook	English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands	58
45916999	Joseph Banks	a young scientist who made vast contribuations to botany and zoology on the basis of his findings on this voyage	59
45917000	Abu Bakr	This person was Muhammad's closest adviser and the first convert to Islam. He accompanied Muhammad on his journey to Medina.	60
45919464	Ali	the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites	61
45919465	Bagdad	capital and largest city of Iraq	62
45919466	Byzantine Empire	a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395	63
45919467	Caliphate	the era of Islam's ascendaancy from the death of Mohammed until the 13th century	64
45919468	Caste	a social class separated from others by distinctions of hereditary rank or profession or wealth	65
45919469	Umar I	was the most powerful of the four Rashidun Caliphs and one of the most powerful and influential Muslim rulers	66
45919470	Imams	spiritual leaders of Shi'ah Islam, said to be direct descendents of Muhammad	67
45919471	Ulama	the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community	68
45919472	Berber	an ethnic minority descended from Berbers and Arabs and living in northern Africa	69
45921423	Tribute System	A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies.	70
45921424	Crusades	1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade	71
45921425	Dome of the Rock	a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from which muhammad ascended through the seven heavens to the throne of God	72
45921426	Dynasty	a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family	73
45921427	Five pillars of Islam	Declaration of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage	74
45925615	Golden Horde	a Mongolian army that swept over eastern Europe in the 13th century	75
45925616	Hagia Sophia	Eastern Orthodox church built in Constantinople	76
45925617	Holy Roman Empire	the lands ruled by Charlemagne	77
45925618	Incan	a member of the small group of Quechuan people living in the Cuzco valley in Peru who established hegemony over their neighbors to create the great Inca empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s	78
45925619	spanish Inquisition	the Inquisition that guarded the orthodoxy of Catholicism in Spain (especially from the 15th to the 17th centuries)	79
45925620	Islam	the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life	80
45925621	Kublai Khan	Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China	81
45925622	Mali	a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa	82
45925623	Mansa Musa	this Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa	83
45925624	Marco Polo	Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan	84
45948272	Mayan	a member of an American Indian people of Yucatan and Belize and Guatemala who had a culture (which reached its peak between AD 300 and 900) characterized by outstanding architecture and pottery and astronomy	85
45948273	Mecca	City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion.	86
45948274	Medina	City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca	87
45948275	Mesoamerica	Middle America" the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America	88
45948276	Middle Ages	the period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance	89
45948277	Ming	the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644	90
45948278	Peasant	a person who makes a living from working the soil, especially in poorer countries	91
45948279	Pope	the head of the Roman Catholic Church	92
45948280	Pope Innocent II	most powerful pope; claimed to rule the whole world; covened 4th Lateran Council---annual confession of sin mass on Easter, mass became sacrifice, Jews live in ghettos	93
45948281	Qur'an	the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina	94
45948282	Song	the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279	95
45948283	Sufis	a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life	96
45948284	Sunni/Shia	two main branches of orthodox Islam	97
45948285	Tang	the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907	98
45948286	Tartars	Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact	99
45948287	Umayidd	a member of the dynasty that ruled at Damascus a.d. 661-750, claiming descent from Omayya, cousin of the grandfather of Muhammad the Prophet.	100
45948288	vikings	Invaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia	101
45948289	Moors	treeless windy highland areas with damp ground	102
45948290	Bedouins	Nomadic herders who used camels to cross the desert; Raids for grazing land frequent warfare	103
45948291	Woodblock printing	a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood	104
45948292	Astrolabe	an early form of sextant	105
45948293	Mosque	(Islam) a Muslim place of worship	106
45948294	Footbinding	practice in chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household	107
45948295	Compass	navigational instrument for finding directions	108
45948296	Bantu	a family of languages widely spoken in the southern half of the African continent	109
45948297	Steppes	wide rolling grassy plains that stretch from the Black Sea to northern China	110
45948588	Frances of Assisi	came up with the philosophy that the only person responsible for man is man. humanism	111