Chapter 10 Flashcards

A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe

98864212	manorialism	system that described economic and political relations btwn landlords and their peasan laboreres during middle ages involved a hierarchy of recipricol obligations that exchanged labor/rent for land access	0
98864213	bernard of clairvaux	1090-1153emphasized role of faith in freference to logic stressed imporance of mysical union with god successfully challenged abelard and had himdriven from univ.	1
98864214	three extates	3 social groups considered most powerful in w contries: church, noble, urban leader	2
98864215	carolingians	royal house of franks after 8th century until their replacement in 10th century	3
98864216	hundred years war	conflict btwn england and france from 1337-1453-fought over lands England possesed in France and feudal vs. emerging claims of national states	4
98864217	parliament	bodies representing priveleged groups institutionalized feudal principle that rulers should consult with vassals found in england spain germany france	5
98864218	charles'the hammer' martel	686-741 carolingian monarch of franks responsible for defeating muslim in battle of tours in 732 ended muslim threat to w europe	6
98864219	scholasticsm	dominant medival philosophical approach so-called b/c of base in the schools/univ. based on lgic to resolve theological problems	7
98864220	gregory vii	pop during 11th century attempted to free church from feudal lord interference quarreled with holy roman empiror henry iv over practice of lay investiture	8
98864221	black death	plague that struck europe in 14th century significantly reduced european pop. affected social structure	9
98864222	vikings	seagoing scandanavian raiders from sweden, dnemark, norway-disrupted coastal areas in w europe 8th-11th centuries	10
98864223	guilds	sworn group of ppl in same business/craft in a city stressed security, mutual control, limited membership, some had franchises, regualted apprenticeship, qualtiy	11
98864224	thomas aquinas	1225-1274 created a synthesis of medieval learning taught in paris university, wrote several summas about reason, natural order, moral law, god	12
98864225	vassals	member of military elite-got land/benefice from feudal lord for military service and loyalty	13
98864226	magna carta	great charter issued by king jong 1215 in england confirmed feudal rights against monarch represented mutual limits and feudalsim and lord obligations	14
98864227	clovis	early frankish king converted franks to christianty around 496 allowed est. of frankish kingdom	15
98864228	urban ii	called 1st crusade 1095, appealed to christians to mount military assault to free holy lands from muslims	16
98864229	william the conqueror	invaded england from normandy 1066 extended feudalism to england est. administration based on sheriffes est. centralized monarch	17
98864230	investiture	practice of state appointing bishops pope gregory vii tried banning-led to war with holy roman emperor henry iv	18
98864231	hanseatic league	organization of cities in n germany and s scandanavia for establishing a common alliance	19
98864232	moldboard	heavy plow introduced into n europe in middle ages plowed deeper soils, technology innovation in agriculture	20
98864233	charlegmagne	charles the great carolignian monarch who est. empire in france and germany around 800	21
98864234	3-field system	agricultural cultivatior system in 800s in w europe included 1/3 spring grains, 1/3 fallow	22
98864235	peter abelard	1079-1142 wrote 'yes and no' university scholar applied logic to theology showed contradiction in established doctrine	23
98864236	gothic	architecture style developed in middle ages in w europe had pointed arches and flying buttresses with extension on main walk supports	24
98864237	serfs	peasant agriculture laborers within manorial system of middle ages	25
98864238	middle ages	period in w european history from decline and fall fo roman empire until 15th century	26