AP World History Test (Chpts. 16-22) Vocab Flashcards

21678367	cape of good hope	southern tip of Africa first circumnavigated by the Portuguese in search of India	0
21678368	christopher columbus	genoese captain who successfully sailed to the new world and returned 1492	1
21678369	ferdinand magellan	spanish captain who first circumnavigated the globe	2
21678370	dutch east india company	dutch joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in asia	3
21678371	british east india company	british joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in asia	4
21678372	lepanto	naval battle between the spanish and the ottoman empire resulting in a spanish victory	5
21678373	core nations	nations that enjoyed profit from world economy (controlled international banking and shipping)	6
21678374	mercantilism	economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues	7
21678375	vasco de balboa	first spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica	8
21678376	francisco pizarro	led conquest of the inca empire on peru and gave spain most of the inca possessions	9
21678377	new france	french colonies in north america	10
21678378	seven years' war	fought in continental europe and overseas; resulted in prussian seizures of land in austria and english seizures of colonies in india and north america	11
21678379	treaty of paris	arranged after the seven years' war; granted new france to england in exchange for return of french sugar island in the caribbean	12
21678380	cape colony	dutch colony established at cape of good hope initially as a coastal station for the dutch seaborne empire	13
21678381	boers	dutch settlers in cape colony	14
21678382	calcutta	headquarters of british east india company in bengal in indian subcontinent	15
21678383	niccoli machiavelli	author who emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power; one of the most influential authors of the Italian renaissance	16
21678384	humanism	focus on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor	17
21678385	northern renaissance	cultural and intellectual movement of northern europe; featured greater emphasis on religion than that of italy	18
21678386	francis I	king of france in 16th century; regarded as renaissance monarch; patron of arts	19
21678387	johannes gutenberg	introduced movable type to western europe in 15th century	20
21678388	european-style family	originated in 15th century amongst peasants and artisans; late marriage age, emphasis on nuclear family, large minority who never married	21
21678389	martin luther	german monk; initiated protestant reformation	22
21678390	protestantism	general wave of religious dissent against the catholic church	23
21678391	anglican church	form of protestantism set up in england by henry viii to be able to divorce his wife, catherine of aragon	24
21678392	jean calvin	french protestant who stressed doctrine of predestination; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education	25
21678393	catholic reformation	restatement of traditional catholic beliefs in response to protestant reformation; revived catholic doctrine and refuted protestant beliefs	26
21678394	jesuit	a new religious order founded during the catholic reformation; active in education, politics, and missionary work	27
21678395	edict of nantes	grant of tolerance to protestants in france in 1598; granted only after lengthy civil war between catholics and protestants	28
21678396	thirty years' war	war within the holy roman empire between german protestants and their allies and the emperor and his ally	29
21678397	english civil war	conflict from 1640 to 1660; with religious disputes and issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; resulted in restoration of the monarchy	30
21678398	proletariat	class of working people without access to producing property; manufacturing wokers, paid agriculture workers, urban poor	31
21678399	witchcraft persecution	reflected resentment against the poor, uncertainties about religious truth; common in protestant areas	32
21678400	scientific revolution	period of empirical advances associated with the development of wider theoretical generalizations; 17th century	33
21678401	copernicus	polish monk and astronomer; disproved hellenistic belief that the earth was the center of the universe	34
21678402	galileo	published copernicus' findings; added own discoveries concerning laws of gravity and planetary motion; condemned by the catholic church	35
21678403	william harvey	english physician who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals, function of heart as pump	36
21678404	rene descartes	established importance of skeptical review of all received wisdom; argued that human reason could develop laws that would explain the workings of nature	37
21678405	isaac newton	english scientist who drew the various astronomical and	38