AP World: Post-Classical (East Asia) Flashcards

34675413	Wendi	member of prominent northern Chinese family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui Dynasty	0
34675414	Yangdi	Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618	1
34675415	Empress Wu	Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created	2
34675416	Wuzong	Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology	3
34675417	Xuanzong	leading Chinese emperor of the tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion	4
34675418	Yang Guefei	Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt	5
34675419	Zhao Kuangyin	Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent (r.960-976)	6
34675420	Zhu Xi	most prominent of the neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action	7
34675421	Wang Anshi	Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society	8
34675422	Li Bo	Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings	9
34675423	Flying money	Chinese credit instruments that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency	10
34675424	Sui Dynasty	dynasty that succeeded the Han in China; emerged from strong rulers in northern China; united all of northern China and reconquered southern China	11
34675425	Tang Dynasty	dynasty that succeeded the Sui in 618C.E. more stable than previous dynasty	12
34675426	Song Dynasty	ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty; first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy; also the first known use of gunpowder and discernment of true north using a compass	13
34675427	Jurchen	Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south	14
34675428	Khitan	Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century	15
34675429	Mahayana Buddhism	Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior	16
34675430	Neo-Confucianism	Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences	17
34675431	Bakufu	Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai	18
34675432	Bushi (Daimyo)	Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies	19
34675433	Daimyo	Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states	20
34675434	Foot binding	practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household	21
34675435	Gempei Wars	Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between tiara and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira	22
34675436	Junks	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula	23
34675437	Samurai	Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor	24
34675438	Scholar-gentry	Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China	25
34675439	Sepukku	Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor	26
34675440	Serf	Peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages	27
34675441	Shinto	Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world; offers of food and prayers made to gods and nature spirits	28
34675442	Shogun	Military leaders of the bakufu	29
34675443	Bakufu	military governments in Japan	30
34675444	An Lushan	of nomadic general origin, led widely supported revolt in 755 during the Tang dynasty	31
34675445	Shogunate	a military rank and historical title for Hereditary Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces of Japan	32
34675446	Tea Ceremony	ritualised form of making tea; ancient Shinto ritual	33
34675447	Tribute	given to the Jin Dynasty for peace	34
34675448	Kowtow	the act of deep respect shown by kneeling and bowing so low as to have your head touching the ground	35
34675449	Bushido	japanese code of conduct and a way of the samurai life, loosely analogous to the concept of chivalry; "Way of the Warrior"; valued absolute loyalty, physical strength, courage, and honor above all	36
34675450	Celadon	a term for ceramics denoting both a type of glaze and a ware of a specific color; crackle glazes:	37
34675451	Abacus	a calculating tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performing arithmetic processes	38
34675452	Porcelain	material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin	39
34675453	Block Printing	a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper	40