Ch.1 Vocab. Flashcards

84062814	Paleolithic Age	the Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use; of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence	0
84062815	Homo sapiens	the humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period	1
84062816	Neolithic Age	the New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 BCE; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred	2
84062817	Neolithic Revolution	the succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture	3
84062818	Hunting and Gathering	old system of hunting and gathering food	4
84062819	Bronze Age	from about 4000 BCE when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 BCE when iron replaced it	5
84062820	Slash and Burn Agriculture	a system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators	6
84062821	Catal Hüyük	early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern Southern Turkey; was larger in pop. than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification	7
84062822	Civilization	societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites	8
84062823	Cuneiform	a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	9
84062824	Nomads	cattle and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies	10
84062825	Mesopotamia	literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys	11
84062826	Sumerians	people who migrated into Mesopotamia c.4000 BCE; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states	12
84062827	City-States	a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urbanbased king	13
84062828	Babylonians	(empire) unified all of Mesopotamia c.1800 BCE; collapsed due to foreign invasion c.1600 BCE	14
84062829	Hammurabi	the most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law	15
84062830	Pharaoh	king of Egypt who possessed immense power	16
84062831	Pyramids	monumental architechture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs	17
84062832	Kush	an Afrcan state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c.1000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	18
84062833	Indus Rver	(valley) river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization	19
84062834	Harappa	along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	20
84062835	Huanghe (Yellow River)	site of development of sedentary agriculture in China	21
84062836	Ideographs	pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	22
84062837	Shang	first Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished from 1600 to 1046	23
84062838	Phoenicians	seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Meditteranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	24
84062839	Mandate of Heaven	political concept that remained a key justification for Chinese imperial rule from the Zhou onward	25
84062840	Monotheism	the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization	26