1450 - 1750 Flashcards

60293543	Secular	concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters	0
60293544	Protestant	a member of the christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation	1
60293545	Indulgences	a pardon relleasing a person from punishments due for a sin, sold by the Catholic church to help raise money	2
60293546	Predestination	Christian doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved	3
60293547	absolutism	concept of government developed during rise of nation - states in western Europe during the 17th century; featured monarchs who passed laws without parliaments, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established state churches, imposed state economic policies	4
60293548	divine right	the idea that monarch are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God	5
60293549	Parliamentary monarchy	originated in England and the Netherlands in the 17th century. Kings are partially checked by significant legislative powers in parliament	6
60293550	capitalism	an aconomic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures inorder to make a profit	7
60293551	merchantilism	an economic policy uner which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver an by selling more goods than they bought.	8
60293552	proletariat	class of working people who do not own property, typically manufacturing workers, paid laborers in agricultural economy, or urban poor. a product of economic changes of the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe	9
60293553	ethnocentrism	regarding one's own race or cultural group as superior to others	10
60293554	colonialism	control by one power over a dependant area or people	11
60293555	coercive	forced labor, including slavery	12
60293556	encomiendas	a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. Established a framework for relations based on economic dominance	13
60293557	conquistador	the spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the americas in the 16th century	14
60293558	mita	forced labor system replacing indian slaves and encomenda workers; used to mobilize laor for mines and other projects. european adaptation of the inca system that required all able - bodied subjects to work for the state a certain number of days each year	15
60293559	haciendas	rural agricultural and herding estates; produced for consumers in america; basis for wealth and power of the local aristocracy	16
60293560	peninsulares	spanish - born residents of the New World	17
60293561	creoles	in spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Latin America to spanish parents	18
60293562	galleons	large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from new world colonies to spain; basis of convoy system utilized for transportation of bullion	19
60293563	mestizo	mixed spanish and native american ancestry	20
60293564	columbian exchange	global transfer of food, plants, and animals during the colonization of the americas	21
60293565	hegemony	the predominant influence, as of a state, region, or group, over another or others	22