AP World History Ch. 17 terms Flashcards

43455117	Italian Renaissance	the early period when Italy was the center of the Renaissance	0
43455118	Niccolo Machiavelli	a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)	1
43455119	Humanism	the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason	2
43455120	Northern Renaissance	Emphasized Critical Thinking, Developed Christian Humanism criticizing the church & society, Painting/ Woodcuts/Literature	3
43455121	Francis I	French king of the Valois dynasty who was involved in the Italian wars, was defeated by Charles I	4
43455122	Johannes Gutenberg	German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)	5
43455123	European-style family	later marriage age, less children, more focus on nuclear family	6
43455124	Martin Luther	a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.	7
43455125	Protestantism	the theological system of any of the churches of western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation	8
43455126	Anglican Church	the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs)	9
43455127	Jean Calvin	created Calvinism, believed in predestination, participation for all believers in church administration, popular education, adopted in Switzerland Germany and France	10
43455128	Catholic Reformation	Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline. (p. 447)	11
43455129	Jesuits	Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.	12
43455130	Edict of Nantes	1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.	13
43455131	Thirty Years War	(1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.	14
43455132	Treaty of Westphalia	treaty that ended the 30 Years' War	15
43455133	English Civil War	civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I	16
43455134	Proletariat	a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages	17
43455135	Witchcraft hysteria	Reflected resentment against poor, uncertanties about religious truth; resulted in death of over 100,000 Europeans between 1590 and 1650; particularly common in Protestant areas	18
43455136	Scientific Revolution	an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method	19
43455137	Copernicus	Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)	20
43455138	Johannes Kepler	German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)	21
43455139	Galileo	Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars	22
43455140	John Harvey	English physician (17th century) who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals, function of heart as pump.	23
43455141	Rene Descartes	French nativist philosopher; proponent of dualism; argued that "threads" within the body control movement, and that some behaviors occur without thought	24
43455142	Isaac Newton	English Scientist. 3 Laws of motion. Mathematics Principal of Natural Philosophy (1687).	25
43455143	Deism	the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation	26
43455144	John Locke	English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)	27
43455145	Absolute Monarchy	ruler has total power	28
43455146	Louis XIV	king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715)	29
43455147	Mercantilism	an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests	30
43455148	Glorious Revolution	A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.	31
43455149	Fredrick the Great	Was ruler of Purussia. He centralized the government and put it under his control. He devoted his life to the Prussia army	32
43455150	Enlightenment	education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge	33
43455151	Adam Smith	Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790)	34
43455152	Mary Wollstonecraft	English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women	35
43455153	Indulgences	pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment	36
43455154	Predestination	the belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power	37
43455155	Parliamentary Democracy	government in which voters elect representatives to a lawmaking body which chooses a prime minister to head the government	38
43455156	Frederick the Great	king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786	39