Ch. 8B Vocab. Flashcards
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| 97862868 | Umayyad Caliphate | -capital: Damascus -Spain to India -good life -all religions lived happy together | 0 | |
| 97862869 | Abbasid Caliphate | -overthrew Umayyad -750-1258 -capital: Baghdad -fell as a result of empire being too large to control -invaded by Mongols -"golden age" | 1 | |
| 97862870 | Mamluk | -Turkish slaves -purchased by Abbasid caliphs -served as standing army -eventually paid with land -- overthrew caliphates | 2 | |
| 97862871 | Ghana | -Africa (parts of Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal) -"land of gold" | 3 | |
| 97862872 | Ulama | -Arabic for "people with religious knowledge" -Muslim religious scholars -worked against any permanent division of Islamic umma | 4 | |
| 97862873 | Hadith | -Way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims -basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad -interpretations of the Quran | 5 | |
| 97862874 | Sultan | -ruler of muslim countries -used to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate | 6 | |
| 97862875 | Battle of Manzikert | -battle leading to fall of Byzantine Empire -Seljuk turks forced Byzantines back to Constantinople, leaving Anatolia open to Turkish occupation -the civil conflicts and economic crises within the Byzantine empire weakened the empire's ability to defend its boarders (Anatolia) | 7 | |
| 97862876 | Saladin | -united Muslims to retake Jerusalem and end the Crusades -fell in 1171 | 8 | |
| 97862877 | Quran | -most sacred text of Islam -written revelations of Muhammad from Allah (via Gabriel) -originally written by Muhammad's wife and children because he was illiterate -cannot be altered (sacred law) -compiled by Abu Bakr | 9 | |
| 97862878 | Shari'a | -written Islamic laws -second in authority after Quran -provides foundation of Islamic civilization | 10 |