chap8 vocab by Riley McLeran Flashcards

89391163	Sharia	Islamic law; defined among other things the patrilineal nature of Islamic inheritance. -was broken to allow women to continue their native roles	0
89391164	Zenj	Arabic term for the east African coast. - attracted refugees because of its wealth	1
89391165	Timbuktu	Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River; population of 50,000; contained a library and university. -very prosperous city/ full of culture and wealth	2
89391166	Songhay	Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali (1464-1492). -one of the powerful Muslim states	3
89391167	Hausa	Peoples of northern Nigeria; formed states following the demise of Songhay Empire that combined Muslim and pagan traditions. -contained Kano, one of the greatest centers of Islamic learning	4
89391168	demography	The study of population. -crucial tool in historical studies	5
89391169	juula	Malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali Empire; eventually spread throughout much of west Africa. -Very important culture spreaders and traded outside empire	6
89391170	Benin	Powerful city-state(in present-day Nigeria) which came into contact with the Portuguese in 1485 but remained relatively free of European influence; important commercial and political entity until the 19th century. - spread from niger river to Lagos coast	7
89391171	Ifriqiya	The Arabic term for eastern north Africa. - what the area was known as/Islamic region	8
89391172	demographic transition	Shift to low birth rate, low infant death rate, stable population; first emerged in western Europe and United States in late 19th century. -characteristic of the modern world	9
89391173	Sundiata	The " Lion Prince "; a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died about 1260. unified state that became the Mali Empire; died about 1260. -Created one of the few strong governments in Affrica	10
89391174	Nok	Culture featuring highly developed art style flourishing between 500 b.c.e. and 200 c.e.; located in forests of central Nigeria. -mysterious people that impacted art	11
89391175	Maghrib	The Arabic word for western north Africa. - what the area was known as/ Islamic region	12
89391176	stateless societies	African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states. -made up large portion of Africa	13
89391177	Muhammad the Great	Extended the boundaries of the Songhay Empire; Islamic ruler of the mid-16th century. -took title of askia	14
89391178	griots	Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisers to kings within the Mali Empire. -Told the epic tale of Sundiata	15
89391179	Ibn Batuta	Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records. -He described how secure and strict the states in Africa were	16
89391180	Almoravids	A puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain. -spread"pure Islam" and was started a Jihad	17
89391181	Yoruba	City-states developed in northern Nigeria c. 1200 c.e.; Ile-Ife featured artistic style possibly related to earlier Nok culture; agricultural societies supported by peasantry and dominated by ruling family and aristocracy. -society supported by peasants	18
89391182	Almohadis	A reformist movement among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; later than the Almoravids; penetrated into sub-Sahara Africa. -spread"pure Islam" and was started a Jihad	19
89391183	Great Zimbabwe	Bantu confederation of Shona-speaking peoples located between Zambezi and Limpopo rivers; developed after 9th century; featured royal courts built of stone; created centralized state by 15th century; king took title of Mwene Mutapa. -religious importance	20
89391184	Kongo	Kingdom, based on agriculture, formed on lower Congo River by late 15th century; capital at Mbanza Kongo; ruled by hereditary monarchy. -had a wide variety of skills	21
89391185	Mali	Empire centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers; creation of Malinke peoples; broke away from control of Ghana in 13th century. -one of the most important Muslim Sudanic States	22
89391186	sahel	The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; a point of exchange between the forests to the south and northern Africa. -one of the three active trading regions of Africa	23
89391187	Sudanic states	Kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power in the region; based at Takrur on the Senegal River to the west and Gao on the Niger River to the east; included Mali and Songhay. - military states	24