Chapters 9-11 Flashcards

99370667	Byzantine	member of Byzantine empire	0
99370668	Orthodoxy: Greek and Russian	Russian- Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine empire and combined with local religion Greek- from of Christianity	1
99370669	Byzantine Empire	eastern half of Roman empire following western half of old empire; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; capital- Constantinople	2
99370670	Tsar	Slavic version of word "Caesar"; emperor, king	3
99370671	Icon, Iconoclasm	painting of saints or other religious figures attacking use of religious images in worship	4
99370672	Cyril and Methodius	missionaries sent by Byzantine government	5
99370673	Kievan Rus	name of Slavic and Scandinavian kingdom established in Russia; important commercial/cultural center	6
99370674	Boyars	Russian land owning aristocrats	7
99370675	Tartars	Mongols; captured Russian cities	8
99370676	Caesaro-papism	combining government and Church; head of state is head of church	9
99370677	Schism	split of Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox; a split or division	10
99370678	Medieval, Middle Ages	period in Europe from fall of Rome until the 15th century	11
99370679	Manorialism	economic and political relations between landlords and serfs	12
99370680	Serfs	peasants who farmed land belonging to lords in return fro protection	13
99370681	3-Field System	system of having 1/3 of the land unplanted for fertilization	14
99370682	(Holy Roman) emperors	successors to Charlemagne; they merged Christian and classical cultures; ruled northern Italy and Germany	15
99370683	Feudal monarch; vassals	greater lord who provides protection lesser lords who provide military and goods in return for protection	16
99370684	Feudalism	relationship between military elites and vassals	17
99370685	Parliaments (Three estates)	bodies representing privileged groups (Church, Nobles, Urban Leaders)	18
99370686	Crusades	Holy Wars where Christians tried to recover Holy Land from Muslims	19
99370687	Papacy	referring to office of pope, time of pope, or jurisdiction of pope	20
99370688	investiture	practice of state appointment of bishops	21
99370689	Scholasticism	the dominant medieval philosophical approach based in schools in medieval times	22
99370690	Hanseatic League	organizations of cities in northern Germany to establish commercial	23
99370691	Guilds	controlled commercial and industrial endeavors, manipulate businesses, regulated training	24
99370692	Black Death	one of many plagues that diminished population; spread by fleas on rats	25
99370693	Indian	misnomer created by Columbus referring to indigenous peoples of New World	26
99370694	Toltec	nomadic people from bay and northern frontier of the sedentary agriculture area in Mesoamerica; established capital of Tula following migration into central Mesoamerican plateu	27
99370695	Aztec	the Mexica; one of the nomadic tribes that used political anarchy after fall of Toltecs to penetrate into the sedentary agricultural zone of the Mesoamerican plateu	28
99370696	Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli	major god of Aztecs; identified with old sun god Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of sacrifice and warfare	29
99370697	Calpulli	seven clans in Aztec society expanded to sixty; divided into residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors	30
99370698	Pipiltin	nobility that rose out of calpulli	31
99370699	Chinampas	artificial islands used for agriculture	32
99370700	Pochteca	special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items	33
99370701	Ayullu	Quechua-speaking clans	34
99370702	Inca	group of clans centered in Cuzco that were able to create empire in Andean civilization	35
99370703	Split inheritance	Incan practice where when the Inca ruler died his power was passed down to his successor; his material wealth pas passed to his descendants for the cult of his mummy	36
99370704	Curacas	the local rulers who were allowed to maintain the positions and receive privileges from the Inca in return for loyalty	37
99370705	Mita	labor turns that the communities took	38
99370706	Mitmag	Incan colonists	39
99370707	Tambos	way stations	40
99370708	Yanas	class of people removed from ayllus served as artisans, farmers, servants	41
99370709	Orejones	big ears of nobles; military elite of Incas	42
99370710	Quipu	knotted strings	43