AP World History Flashcards

65470766	Foraging societies	small groups of people who traveled from point to point as the climate and availability of plants and animals dictated	0
65470767	Pastoral societies	characterized by domestication of animals	1
65470768	Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution)	transition period from nomadic to agricultural lifestyle	2
65470769	Bronze Age	the latter part of the Neolithic Era when people figured out how to combine copper with tin to create an even harder metal.	3
65470770	city-states	made up of an urban center and the agricultural land around it under its control.	4
65470771	Mesopotamia	means "land between rivers"; the rivers were the Tigris and Euphrates. A series of ancient civilizations- most notably SUmer, Babylon, and Persia -thrived along their banks.	5
65470772	Sumerian civilization	rose in the southern part of Mesopotamia. Successful agriculture and river management, development of a system of writing, introduction of the wheel, polytheism, and ziggurats characterized this civilization.	6
65470773	Ziggurats	temples built by Sumerians to appease their gods.	7
65470774	Code of Hammurabi	extensive code of laws that dealt with every part of daily life and credited as a significant step toward our modern legal codes	8
65470775	Akkad	north of SUmer, and rose to dominate the region. Developed the first known code of laws, written in cuneiform that they learned from the Sumerians.	9
65470776	Babylon	Overthrew Akkad and developed the Code of Hammurabi.	10
65470777	Hittites	Overthrew Babylon. Military superpower because used iron, which is stronger than bronze.	11
65470778	Assyrians	Learned how to use the iron that the Hittites used to overthrow them and espablished a capital at Nineveh and built an empire that swept across the entire Fertile Crescent	12
65470779	Nebuchadnezzar	Chaldean king who rebuilt Babylon as a showplace of architecture and culture	13
65470780	Persian Empire	Overthrew the new Babylon as rebuilt by the Chaldeans and established a HUGE empire.	14
65470781	Lydians	invented the concept of using coined money to conduct trade	15
65470782	Phoenicians	established powerful naval city-states all along the Mediterranean and developed a simple alphabet that used only 22 letters as opposed to a much more complex cuneiform system.	16
65470783	Hebrews	Significant because of their religious beliefs called Judaism. Established Israel in Palestine on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea.	17
65470784	Egyptian civilization	developed along the Nile River, where the soil was rich and agricultural opportunities were plentiful.	18
65470785	King Menes	entire river valley was united under him. Bilt his capital at Memphis and led efforts to manage the floodwaters and build drainage and irrigation systems.	19
65470786	Pharaohs	Rulers who directed the construction of obelisks and the pyramids.	20
65470787	Hieroglyphics	Egyptian writing system that consisted of a seires of pictures that represented letters and words.	21
65470788	Queen Hatshepsut	first female ruler known in history credited with expanding Egyption trade expeditions	22
65470789	Indus Valley	built along the banks of a river system, but between huge mountains, so contact with ouside was more limited. Crumbled with arrival of Aryans.	23
65470790	Khyber Pass	Pass through the Hindu Kush Mountains that provided a connection to the outside world	24
65470791	Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro	The Indus Valley's two major cities that were master-planned, uniformly constructed and had sophisticated wastewater systems	25
65470792	Aryans	nomadic tribes who used advanced weaponry to defeat the populations in the Indus Valley. Gave up nomadic lifestyle to settle there.	26
65470793	Hinduism	Aryan beliefs in the Upanishads and Vedas were basis for this religion.	27
65470794	caste system	began as a 3-class system: warriors, priests and peasants, but later evolved into a new system with Brahmans on top, then warriors, landowners and merchants, and finally peasants.	28
65470795	Brahmans	the priest class	29
65470796	Shang Dynasty	used its stable agricultural surplus to build a trade-centered civilization. Militarily powerful, built walls around the towns and cities along the river and its warriors used chariots to defeat their enemies	30