Chapter 8 Flashcards

lampkin's class

62858564	Shi'ites	Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali.. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran.	0
62858565	Sunnis	Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries.	1
62858566	Safavid Empire	Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state.	2
62858567	Mecca	City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhamad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion.	3
62858568	Muhammad Ali	(1769-1849) Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952.	4
62858569	Muslim	An adherent of the Islamic religion; a person who "submits" to the will of God.	5
62858570	Islam	Religion expounded by the Prophet Muhammad on the basis of hes reception of divine revelations, which were collected after his death into the Quran. Islam calls on all people to recognize one creator god - Allah - who rewards or punishes believers after death according to how they led their lives.	6
62858571	Medina	City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca.	7
62858572	Abu Bakr	Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ites regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpreter of dreams following Muhammad's death.	8
62858573	Umma	The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.	9
62858574	Caliphate	Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire.	10
62858575	Quran	Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.	11
62858576	Umayyad Caliphate	First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate.	12
62858577	Abbasid Caliphate	descendants of the prophet muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad from 750-1258	13
62858578	Mamluks	Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliiphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria.	14
62858579	Ulama	Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies.	15
62858580	Hadith	A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law.	16
62858581	A'isha	was Muhammad favorite wife after Khadija died. She was Khadija's sister and she married Muhammad at the age of nine. She was considered the liveliest of his wives, and he loved her the most.	17
62858582	Shari'a	a body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Qurran and applies Islamic rules to everyday life	18
62858583	Madrasa	Islamic colleges	19