Mr. Treat's Unit III Vocab Flashcards
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| 63049105 | Johannes Gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) Printed the Bible | 0 | |
| 63049106 | Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. | 1 | |
| 63049107 | Bartholemeu Dias | Sailed to the Soutehrn tip of Africa | 2 | |
| 63049108 | Vasco de Gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 3 | |
| 63049109 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) | 4 | |
| 63049110 | Amerigo Vespucci | The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him | 5 | |
| 63049111 | Vasco de Balboa | First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains. | 6 | |
| 63049112 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. | 7 | |
| 63049113 | James Cook | A navigator and ship captain who explored and claimed land in Australia for England in 1770 | 8 | |
| 63049114 | Joseph Banks | a young scientist who made vast contribuations to botany and zoology on the basis of his findings on this voyage | 9 | |
| 63049115 | capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership of capital | 10 | |
| 63049116 | mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | 11 | |
| 63049117 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain. | 12 | |
| 63049118 | Moctezuma II | (1466-1520) Aztec ruler from 1502 to 1520; he was the emperor of the Aztecs when Cortés and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner and killed during battle with the Spanish army. | 13 | |
| 63049119 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) | 14 | |
| 63049120 | Atahualpa | Ruler of the Inca Empire when conquered by Pizarro | 15 | |
| 63049121 | Encomienda System | priviledge given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed to control the lands and people of a certain territory | 16 | |
| 63049122 | Repartimiento System | required adult male Native Americans to devote a set number of days of labor anually to Spanish economic enterprises. PROBLEM- abused workers due to sense of urgency and exploitation | 17 | |
| 63049123 | Charles V | Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-1563). | 18 | |
| 63049124 | Philip II | king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC) | 19 | |
| 63049125 | Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 20 | |
| 63049126 | Indulgences | pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment | 21 | |
| 63049127 | 95 Theses | Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on Octobe 31, 1517 | 22 | |
| 63049128 | John Calvin | religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society | 23 | |
| 63049129 | Anglican | a Protestant who is a follower of Anglicanism | 24 | |
| 63049130 | Council of Trent | The congress of learned Roman Catholic authorities that met intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church practices and reconcile with the Protestants. | 25 | |
| 63049131 | Jesuits | members of the society of jesus, a roman catholic religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola | 26 | |
| 63049132 | Ignatius Loyola | Catholic priest that established the Jesuits | 27 | |
| 63049133 | Elizabeth I | Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada. | 28 | |
| 63049134 | Spanish Armada | the great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588 | 29 | |
| 63049135 | Dutch East India Company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies. | 30 | |
| 63049136 | Louis XIV | This French king ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France | 31 | |
| 63049137 | Nation-state | A country | 32 | |
| 63049138 | Serfdom | feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions | 33 | |
| 63049139 | Peter the Great | ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia | 34 | |
| 63049140 | Catherine the Great | Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796) | 35 | |
| 63049141 | Ottoman Empire | Centered in Constantinople, the Turkish imperial state that conquered large amounts of land in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and fell after World War I. | 36 | |
| 63049142 | Mughal Empire | A period of Muslim rule of India from the 1500's to the 1700's. | 37 | |
| 63049143 | Matteo Ricci | An Italian Jesuit who by his knowledge of Astronomy and science was accepted as a missionary of China | 38 | |
| 63049144 | Shogun | the supreme military commander of Japan | 39 | |
| 63049145 | Samarai | Japanese Warrior | 40 | |
| 63049146 | Demography | the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations | 41 | |
| 63049147 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans | 42 | |
| 63049148 | Indentured Labor | labor under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities | 43 | |
| 63049149 | Aborigines | The original of earliest known inhabitants of a country. | 44 | |
| 63049150 | Maori | the Oceanic language spoken by the Maori people in New Zealand | 45 | |
| 63049151 | Gazis | Ottoman warriors - given land, TIMAR, returned to Sultan after death--loyal only to Sultan | 46 | |
| 63049152 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 47 | |
| 63049153 | Janissaries | Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan | 48 | |
| 63049154 | Mehmed II | also calle Mehmed the Conqueror, Murad's son, conquered Constaninople in 1453 and opened it to new citizens of many religions and backgrounds. The rebuilt city was renamed Instanbul. | 49 | |
| 63049155 | Suleiman I | The leader of the Ottoman Turk Empire during the high Renaissance. | 50 | |
| 63049156 | Akbar | the greatest Mughal leader of India | 51 | |
| 63049157 | Syncretism | mixed source belief (religions that are a blend of two or more) | 52 | |
| 63049158 | Safavid | The shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in persia between the 16th and 18th centuries | 53 | |
| 63049159 | Shah Isma'il | 1494 to 1524, is Shi'a, declares all other muslim religions INVALID. Changed major religion of Iran. | 54 | |
| 63049160 | Shah Abbas | Also known as Abbas the Great, took the throne in 1587 and helped create the Safavid culture | 55 | |
| 63049161 | Ming Dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia | 56 | |
| 63049162 | Qing Dynasty | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries | 57 | |
| 63049163 | Divine Right of Kings | the belief that the authority of kings comes directly from God | 58 | |
| 63049164 | Creole | a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages | 59 | |
| 63049165 | Mestizo | a person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry) | 60 | |
| 63049166 | Thomas Hobbes | Philosopher who argued that man was sinful and needed to be controlled. Believed people to be greedy | 61 | |
| 63049167 | John Locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) | 62 | |
| 63049168 | Social Contrast | agreement by which people give up the state of nature for an organized society. | 63 | |
| 63049169 | Nicholas Cpoernicus | polish astronmer in 1514 he discovered that earth and other planets revole around the sun | 64 | |
| 63049170 | Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) | 65 | |
| 63049171 | Galileo Galilei | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars | 66 | |
| 63049172 | Isaac Newton | discovered gravity, laws of motion, calculus | 67 |