Mr. Treat's AP World History Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards

Unit 3 Of AP World History Vocab Words for Mr. Treat's Class

63205068	Johannes Gutenberg	German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)	0
63205069	Henry The Navigator	(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.	1
63205070	Bartolomeu Dias	Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean.	2
63205071	Vasco de Gama	A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean	3
63205072	Christopher Columbus	Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)	4
63205073	Amerigo Vespucci	italian cartographer that sailed under the Spanish flag repeated Columbus' initial attemp to sail west to Asia; explored the coast of Africa thinking that it was Asia; made next voyage commissioned by Portugal and sailed along the coast of S America concluding it could not be Asia; discoveries were published and new continent was named after him	5
63205074	Vasco de Balboa	First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains.	6
63205075	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.	7
63205076	James Cook	English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands	8
63205077	Joseph Banks	a young scientist who made vast contribuations to botany and zoology on the basis of his findings on this voyage	9
63205078	capitalism	an economic system based on open competition in a free market, in which individuals and companies own the means of production and operate for profit	10
63205079	mercantilism	an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests	11
63205080	Hernan Cortes	Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain.	12
63205081	Moctezuma II	Aztec ruler from 1502 to 1520; he was the emperor of the Aztecs when Cortés and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner and killed during battle with the Spanish army.	13
63205082	Francisco Pizarro	Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima	14
63205083	Atahualpa	Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.	15
63205084	ecomienda system	The right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area, a kind of feudalism granting Spanish colonists control of conquered lands and obliging the Indians to provide forced labor and a fixed portion of their harvests	16
63205085	repartimiento system	replaced the encomienda with the New Laws which mandated the repartimiento system. the Spaniards were forbidden to require labor or tribute from individual Indians, but were allowed to demand group services of entire Indian villages whose leaders determined individual work assignments.	17
63205086	Charles V	This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-Reformation	18
63205087	Philip II	supporter of Catholic Church, increased power for spain with riches from the Americas, Absolute Monarchy, Divine RIght	19
63205088	Martin Luther	a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.	20
63205089	indulgences	Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.	21
63205090	95 Theses	formal statements written by Martin Luther attacking the "pardon-merchants". On October 31, 1517 Luther posted these statements on the door of a castle church in Wittenberg and invited other scholars to debate them. This began the Reformation.	22
63205091	John Calvin	1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings., religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society	23
63205092	Anglican	relating to the Church of England	24
63205093	Council of Trent	Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend.	25
63205094	Jesuits	Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.	26
63214031	Ignatius Loyola	Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises.	27
63214032	Elizabeth I	English Queen united Protestants and Catholics through compromise, monarch from 1558 to 1603 who established a strong central government while respecting the rights of parliament.	28
63214033	Spanish Armada	Philip II's powerful naval force sent to attack England; its defeat greatly hindered Spain's ability to impose Catholicism on Western Europe.	29
63214034	Dutch East India Company	Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.	30
63214035	Louis XIV	king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles "Sun King"	31
63214036	nation-state	A country who's population share a common identity.	32
63214037	serfdom	feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions	33
63214038	Peter the Great	(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.	34
63214039	Catherine the Great	This was the empress of Russia who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia, created a new law code, and greatly expanded Russia	35
63214040	Ottoman Empire	An empire developed by Turks between the fourteenth and twentieth centuries. It was succeeded in the 1920s by the present-day Republic of Turkey. At its greatest extent, it included many parts of southeastern Europe and the Middle East.	36
63214041	Mughal Empire	Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.	37
63214042	Matteo Ricci	An Italian Jesuit who by his knowledge of Astronomy and science was accepted as a missionary of China during Ming Dynasty	38
63214043	shogun	the head of the military government of Japan in the era of the samurai	39
63214044	samurai	a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy	40
63214045	demography	the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations	41
63214046	Columian Exchange	new era of interaction between the western and eastern hemispheres brought about by Columbus' discovery of the "new world"- exchange of plants, food, animals, and diseases	42
63214047	indentured labor	labor under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities	43
63214048	Aborigines	native people of Australia	44
63214049	Maori	indigenous people of New Zealand	45
63214050	gazis	turkish warriors inspired by islam to conquer territories and bring them under Dar al-islam	46
63214051	sufis	a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life	47
63214052	janissaries	Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan	48
63221797	Mehmed II	Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire.	49
63221798	Suleiman I	ruled during the pinnacle of Turkish power and almost succeeded in driving into the heart of the Christian Empire, A sultan who ruled in the 1500's. He was enthusiastic about architecture and built many schools and mosques.	50
63221799	Akbar	Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.	51
63221800	syncretism	the union (or attempted fusion) of different systems of thought or belief (especially in religion or philosophy)	52
63221801	Safavid	The shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in persia between the 16th and 18th centuries	53
63221802	Shah Isma'il	founded the Safavids, Shiite faith, caused rebellion among the Ottomans	54
63221803	Shah Abbas	Also known as Abbas the Great, took the throne in 1587 and helped create the Safavid culture	55
63221804	Ming Dynasty	Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.	56
63221805	Qing Dynasty	Opium Wars, China's last imperial dynasty, which ruled from 1644 to 1912 and expanded China's borders to include Taiwan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet.	57
63225215	Divine right of kings	A general term used for the ideas surrounding the authoity and legitimacy of a monarch, holding that a monarch derives his or her right to rule from the will of God and not from any temporal authority.	58
63225216	creole	ethnic term first applied in the Caribbean region to the native born descendants of the Spanish conquerors and their local consorts	59
63225217	mestizo	a person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry)	60
63225218	Thomas Hobbes	English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)	61
63225219	John Locke	English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract"; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. Also, knowledge is gained from experience	62
63225220	social contract	the notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others	63
63225221	Nicholas Copernicus	Polish astronomer comissioned by Pope Paul III to devise a new calendar that would fix the errors of the Julian calendar. Realized, through his oservations that the sun, not the earth, was at the center of the universe	64
63225222	Johannes Kepler	German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630), discovered that the paths of the planets around the sun are elliptical rather that circular	65
63225223	Gallileo Galilei	First to use the telescope to view the skies, made lots of discoveries about planets, moons, etc.	66
63225224	Isaac Newton	English mathematician and scientist- invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple.	67