AP World History Flashcards

huge review of all major terms in world history

62922730	prehistory v. history	Prehistory: no written documents; History: written proof of history	0
62922731	Features of Civilization	social etiquette, religion, education, liturature	1
62922732	Stages of hominid develoment	Austrolopithecus, homo habilis, home erectus, homo sapiens	2
62922733	"Out of Africa"	humans originated from Afr4ica and proliferated v. originated from Africa but multiple geographical locations first 100 million years	3
62922734	Paleolithic Era	Old Stone Age	4
62922735	Neolithic Era	New Stone Age	5
62922736	family units, clans, tribes	A group of people sharing common ancestry	6
62922737	Foraging Societies	Nomadic, small communities and populations, no political system, economic distribution is more equal	7
62922738	nomadic hunters/gatherers	move place to place according to environment - adapts to environment	8
62922739	Ice Age	Period of time where earth is covered partly in ice	9
62922740	civilization	changes when agriculture started	10
62922741	Neolithic Revolution	farming uses; start of agriculture	11
62922742	Domestication of plants and animals	Farming System where taken to different pastures in order to find fresh pastures	12
62922743	nomadic pastoralism	slash and burn; once land has been depleted, move on to let soil recover	13
62922744	migratory farmers	farmers who migrate instead of settling after using up the land	14
62922745	partrilineal/patrilocal	live with husbands family. traced through father's lineage	15
62922746	irrigation systems	replacement of supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops	16
62922747	metalworking	craft or practice of working with medals to create other parts or structures. It requires skill and the use of many different tools	17
62922748	ethnocentrism	to look at the world from the perspective of one's own culture	18
62922749	foraging	looking for food	19
62922750	sedentary agriculture	domestication of plants and animals	20
62922751	shifting civilization	process by which people take an area of land to use for agriculture. only to aandon it a short time later	21
62922752	slash and burn agriculture	trees cut down, plots made for agriculture	22
62922753	matrilineal	system in which one belogns to mother's lineage	23
62922754	cultural diffusion	spread of ideas and material culture, especially if these occur independently of population movement	24
62922755	independent invention	creative innovations of new solutions to old and new problems	25
62922756	specialization of labor	specialization of co-operative labour in specific, curcumscibed tasks and orlles, intended to increase efficiency of output	26
62922757	gender division of labor	labor divided between man and woman, hunting and gathering ect..	27
62922758	metallurgy and metalworking	the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and thier mixtures, which are called alloys. craft and practice of working with metals to create parts or structures	28
62922759	Fertile Cresent	a region in the Middle East encoporating present-day Isreal, West Bank, and Lebanon and parts of Jordan, Syria, Iraq and south-eastern Trukey	29
62922760	Gilgamesh	became a legendary protagonist in the Epic of Gilgamesh	30
62922761	Hammurabi's Law Code	first set o defined laws within a civilzation	31
62922762	Egypt	the civilization of the Lower Nile Valley, between the first Cataract and the mouths of the Nile Delta, from circa 3300 BC until the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 BC. As a civilization based on irrigation, it is the quintessential example of a hydraulic empire	32
62922763	Egyptian Book of the Dead	common name for the ancient Egyptian funerary texts. Constituted a collection of spells, charms, passwords, numbers, and magical formulas for use by the deceased in the afterlifce, describing many of the basic tenets of Egyptian mythology. There were intended to guide the dead through the various trials that they woul.d encounter before reaching the underwold. Knowledge of gthe appropraite spells was considered essential to achieving happiness after death.	33
62922764	pyramids	tombs for egyptian kings	34
62922765	hieroglyphics	system of writing used the Anciet Egyptians, using a combinations of logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements	35
62922766	Indus Valley Civilization	an ancient civilization thriving along the Indus Rivre and the Ghaggar-Hakra river in what is now Pakistan and western India. The Indus Valley Civilization is also sometimes referred to as the Harappan Civilization of the Indus Valley, in reference to its first excavated city of Harappa	36
62922767	early China	Xia, Shang, Zhou, Warring States period, Quin, Han	37
62922768	the Celts	group of peoples that occupied lands stretching from the British Isles to Hallatia. Went to war with the Romans	38
66927855	the Hittities and iron weapons	first to work rion, first to enter iron age, cortolled central asatolia, north-western syeria down to Ugarit, and Mesopotamia down to Babylong, alsted from roughly 1680 BC to about 1180 BC. After 1180 BC, the Hittite poity disentegrated as late as around 700 BC.	39
66927856	the Assyrians and cavalry warfare	indigenous people of Mesopotamia and have a history spanning over 6700 years, Strted cavlry warfar?	40
66927857	The Persian Empire	used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the coutry of Pesia (Iran). the Achaemenid Empire that emerged under Cyrus the Great that is usually the earliest to be called Persian. Successive states in Iran before 1935 are collectively called the Persian Empire by Western historians	41
66927858	The Hebrews and monotheism	descendants of biblical Patriarch Eber; were people who lived in the Levant, which was politically Canaan when they first arrived in the area. First monotheistic grou; Yahweh.	42
66927859	the Phoenians and the alphabet	enterprising maritime trading culture that spread right across the Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. Frist form of language	43
66927860	the Lydians and coinage	ancient kingdon of Asia Minor, first to mint coins	44
66927861	Greek city-states	region controlled exclusively by Greek, and usually having sovereighty. EX. Crete	45
66927862	democracy	form of government in which policy is decided by the preference of the majority in a decision - making process, usually elections of referendums, open to all or most citizens	46
66927863	Persian Wars	a series of conflicts between the Greek world and the Persian Empier that started anbout 500 BC and lasted until 448BC	47
66927864	Peloponnesian War	began in 431 BC between the Athenian Empire (or the Delian League) and teh Peloponnesian Leageue which included Sparta and Corinth	48
66927865	Alexander the Great	United Ancient Greece; Hellenistic Age, conqured a large empire	49
66927866	Hellenism	shift from a culture dominated by ethnic Greeks to a culture dominated by Greek-speakers of various ethnicities, and from the political dominacne of the city-state to that of larger monarchies. In theis period the traditional Greek culture was changed by strong Easter influences, especially Persian, in aspects of religion and government. Cultural centeres shifted away from mainland Greece to Peramon, Rhones, Antioch and Alexandrai	50
66927867	Homer	legendary early Greek poet and rhapsode traditionally creditied with authorship of the major Greek epicsIllian and Odyssey	51
66927868	Socrates and Plato	Greek philopher/studen	52
66927869	Aristotle	Along with Plato, he is often considered to be one of the tow mst influential philosophers in Western thought. He wrote many books about physics, poetry, zoology, logic, governmnet and biology	53
66927870	Western scientific thought	Systematic approach of obervation, hypothesis formation, hypothosis testing and pypothesis evaluationthat forms the baisis for modern science	54
66927871	Proman Republic	republican governmnet of the city of Rome and its territoreis from 510 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire, whihc somethimes placed at 44 BC the year of Ceasar's appointment as perpetual dictoator or, more commonly, 27 BC the year that the Roman Senate granted Octavian the title "Augustus"	55
66927872	plebians v. patricians	peasants/ slaves v. elite/upperclass	56
66927873	Punic Wars	series of three wars fought beetween Rome and Phoenician city of Carthage. Reason: clash of interests between teh expanding Carthaginian and Roman spheres of influence	57
66927874	Julius Ceasar	Roman military and political leader. He was instrumental in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Dictator for life.	58
66927875	Roman Empire	Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian	59
66927876	Qin, Han, Tang Dynasties	First three dynasites of China that we have recordings of. First of centralized China	60
66927877	Shi Huangdi	kind of the Chinease State of Win form 247 BC to 221 BC, and then the first emperor of a unified Chian from 221 BC to 210 BC, ruling under the name First Emperor	61
66927878	Chinese tributary system	form of conducting diplomatic and political relations with china after the fall of the Qin Dynasty	62
66927879	the Silk Road	interconnected series of routes through Southern Asia traversed by caravan and ocean vessel	63
66927880	Nara and Hein Japan	last division of classical Japanese history, running from 791 to 1185. the Heian period is considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art, especially poetry and literature. Nara: agricultureal in nature, centered around villages. Most of teh villagers followed the Shinto religion, based around the worshop of natural and ancesteral spirits	64
66927881	the Fujiwara clan	dominated the Japanese politics of Heian period	65
66927882	Lady Murasaki and "The Tale..	written by Murasaki. First novel of japanese/world liturature	66
66927883	Central Asia and Mongolia	historiacaly been closely teid to its nomadic peoples and the Silk Road. As a result, it has acted as a crossraods for the movement between Europe, the Middle East, South Asia and East Asai.	67