Ch 15 Terms Flashcards

Terms of Ch 15

134327853	Ottoman Turks	Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world	0
134335001	Zhenghe	Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea trade expeditions under third emperor, Yunglo, between 1405 and 1433; only Chinese attempt to create worldwide trade empire	1
134327855	Hundred Years War	Conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453; fought over lands England possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states	2
134327856	Francesco Petrarch	One of the major literary figures of the Western Renaissance; an Italian author and humanist	3
134327857	Iberian Peninsula	Iberia; located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes modern-day states Portugal, Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar and a very small area of France	4
134327858	Inquisition	A former tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church created to discover and suppress heresy; 1232-1820	5
134327859	Polynesia	Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island	6
134327860	Maoris	Residents of New Zealand; migrated to New Zealand from Society Islands as early as 8th century CE	7
134327861	Ibn-Rushd	Muslim philosopher who blended Aristotle and Plato's views with Islam; An Andalusian-Arab philosopher and physician, a master of philosophy and Islamic law, mathematics, and medicine; born in Cordoba, Spain; died in Marrakesh, Morocco	8
134327862	Beijing	Became the capital of China during the Ming Dynasty because of its centralized location	9
134327863	Renaissance	Cultural and political movement in western Europe; began in Italy circa 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages	10
134327864	Giotto	Florentine painter who gave up the stiff Byzantine style and developed a more naturalistic style; considered the greatest Italian painter prior to the Renaissance; 1267-1337	11
134327865	Castile	Along with Aragon, a regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda	12
134327866	Vivaldi brothers	Two Genoese brothers who attempted to find a Western route to the "Indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into southern Atlantic	13
134327867	Society Islands	An island group of French Polynesia in the South Pacific east of Samoa; collectively, Tahiti, Samoa, and Fiji; initial base of Polynesia	14
134327868	Ming dynasty	Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China	15
134327869	Black Death	Plague that struck Europe in 14th century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure	16
134327870	Marco Polo	Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan; Venetian merchant and traveler; his accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade; 1254-1324	17
134327871	Christopher Columbus	Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in Americas	18
134327872	Aragon	Along with Castile, a regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda	19
134327873	ethnocentrism	Habitual disposition to judge foreign peoples or groups by the standards and practices of your own culture or ethnic group and often finding them inferior	20