AP World History Chapter 24 Flashcards

141063103	mamluks	Egyptian slave soldiers	0
141063104	Muhammad Ali	Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952.	1
141063105	Janissaries	opponents of Ottoman reform	2
141063106	Serbian independence	The Ottoman province in the Balkans that rose up against Janissary control in the early 1800s. After World War II the central province of Yugoslavia. Serb leaders struggled to maintain dominance as the Yugoslav federation dissolved in the 1990s.	3
141063107	Ulama	Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. (p. 238)	4
141063108	War for Greek Independence	War against Ottomans for independence	5
141063109	Mahmud II	Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with private army; destroyed power of Janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on Western precedents	6
141063110	Tanzimat Proclamations	Restructuring reforms by the nineteenth-century Ottoman rulers, intended to move civil law away from the control of religious elites and make the military and the bureaucracy more efficient.	7
141063111	Ottoman reforms	Ottoman military reform efforts follow the empire's transformation to become a modern country. Managed to develop modern army.	8
141063112	Crimean War	Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans.	9
141063113	Fez	a felt cap (usually red) for a man	10