Chapter 24 Flashcards

50889057	Martin Luther	a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.	0
50889058	John Calvin	French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion	1
50889059	Ignatius Loyola	Organized people to spread Catholic faith; established Jesuits	2
50889060	Henry VIII	English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)	3
50889061	Nicolaus Copernicus	suggested that the sun, not Earth, was the center of our solar system (heliocentric)	4
50889062	Galileo Galilei	Scientist who built the first telescope and proved that planets and moons move. Persecuted for supporting Copernicus' ideas	5
50889063	Isaac Newton	English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation, presented in Principia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple.	6
50889064	Adam Smith	Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790)	7
50889065	Voltaire	French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of government.	8
50889066	95 these	document written by martin luther detailiing wht he believed to be the problems in the medieval church led to the beginning of the reformation	9
50889067	Protestant reformation	a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches	10
50889068	Catholic reformation	Restatement of traditional Catholic beliefs in response to Protestant Reformation (16th century); established councils that revived Catholic doctrine and refuted Protestant beliefs.	11
50889069	Jesuits	This was the group of people that was important in converting Asians and Latin Americans to Catholicism which allowed for the mass spread of Christianity	12
50889070	thirty years war	this war started because of the dissatisfaction between Catholics and protestants with the peace of augsburg. it was the last war fought over religion	13
50889071	Spanish inquisition	the Inquisition that guarded the orthodoxy of Catholicism in Spain (especially from the 15th to the 17th centuries)	14
50889072	Absolutism	A political theory holding that all power should be vested in one ruler or other authority.	15
50889073	elightenment	It developed as a result of the scientific revolution	16
50889074	philosophes	Thinkers of the Enlightenment; Wanted to educate the socially elite, but not the masses; were not allowed to openly criticize church or state, so used satire and double-meaning in their writings to avoid being banned; Salons held by wealthy women also kept philosophes safe; They considered themselves part of an intellectual community, and wrote back and forth to each other to share ideas.	17
50889075	deism	The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life., the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation	18