Chapter 33 Flashcards

56656147	Muhammad Ali	he built a powerful army modeled on European forces and ruled Egypt.	0
56656148	Mahmud II	sultan (1808- 1839), was convinced to launch reform program, wanted to be seen as restoration and not violent reform. Had conflict with Janissaries so he massacred them.	1
56656149	Abd Al-Hamid	he developed his administration according to Tanzimat principles.	2
56656150	Alexander II	who is the son of Nicholas I introduced reforms that included limited emancipation of the serfs (1818-1881); suggested to the nobility of Moscow," it is better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait until the serfs begin to liberate themselves from below.	3
56656151	Lin Zexu	a Chinese official who was charged with stamping out opium trade in southern China; he ordered blockade of European trading areas in Canton and confiscation of opium;	4
56656152	Hong Xiuquan	was a village school teacher, proved both inspiration and leadership for the Taiping rebellion. Wanted destruction of the Qing dynasty.	5
56656153	Empress Dowager Cixi	Empress of China and mother of Emperor Guangxi. She put her son under house arrest, supported antiforeign movements, and resisted reforms of the Chinese government and armed forces.	6
56656154	Commodore Mathew Perry	was sent to open doors for Japan to trade with the west	7
56745564	Sergei Witte	prime minister of Russia; minister of finance	8
56745565	Emperor Mutsuhito	he called his reign the Meiji ("Enlightened Rule") which helped modernize Japan.	9
56745566	Ito Hirobumi	He established a cabinet system of government and became the first prime minister of japan.; He drew inspiration from the German constitution in drafting a governing document for Japan.	10
56745567	Janissaries	Christian boys taken from families who were converted to Islam, and then trained to serve the sultan in the Ottoman army.	11
56745568	"Capitulations"	were agreements with European powers that gave European bankers and merchants unfair advantages in the Empire. It symbolized the decline of the Ottomans	12
56745569	Tanzimat Reformer	attacked Ottoman law with the aim of making it acceptable to Europeans so they could have the capitulations lifted and recovered Ottoman sovereignty.	13
56745570	Young Turks	were the most active dissident organization; founded by exiled Ottoman subjects living in Paris; inspired an army coup that forced Abd al Hamid to restore parliament and the constitution of 1876.	14
56745571	The Crimean War	rooted in the long-standing desire of Russia to extend itinfluence over the Ottoman Empire.; demonstrated the weakness of the Russian Empire.; Ruddian armies suffered devastating and humiliations defeats on their own territory;France & Great Britain vs. Russia,	15
56745572	Zemstvos	were elected local rural governments who allowed some democracy without weakening the central government; retained exclusive authority over national issues.	16
56752736	Duma	elected national legislature in Russia	17
56752737	Cohong System	were specially licensed Chinese firms that were under strict government regulation	18
56752738	Opium War	was a war between th Chinese and Britain over opium trade which made plain the military power differential between Europe and China	19
56752739	Unequal treaties	a series of pacts between China and the Western powers after the Opium War that vastly favored the Western powers	20
56752740	Taiping Revolution	raged throughout most of China and brought the Qing dynasty to the brink collapse	21
56752741	Self-Strengthening Movement	was the most imaginative of the reform programs which was empowered with imperial grants of authority what permitted them to raise troops, levy taxes, and tun bureaucracies.	22
56752742	Boxer Rebellion	a violent movement spearheaded by militia units calling themselves the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists.	23
56752743	Tokugawa Shogunate	Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences	24
56754515	Meiji restoration	a vigorous response to their opponents by forcibly retiring dissident daimy and executing or imprisoning samurai critics	25
56754516	Diamyo	was a japanese fedal lord who commanded a private army of samurai	26
56754517	Bakufu	Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Warswhich was centered at Kamakura and retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai.	27
56754518	Sphere's of Influence	were areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly	28
56754984	Neo-Confucianism	term that describesthe resurgence of confusianism and the influence of confucian scholars during the Tang dynasty	29