Chapter 13 Flashcards

259642831	Astrolabe	an astronomical instrument used to measure the altitude of the sun and the stars above the horizon	0
259642832	Audiencias	Latin American advisory group that also functioned as supreme judicial bodies	1
259642833	Bantu	a large African language group of peoples who were mainly farmers	2
259642834	Batik	southeast Asian technique for decorating textiles	3
259642835	Caravel	type of wooden sailing ship that made long range exploration possible in the fifteenth century; they were known for maneuverability, speed and lateen sails along with great carrying capacity	4
259642836	Colombian Exchange	European expansion into the Americas that initiated the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases	5
259642837	Conquistadors	"conquerors", leaders in the Spanish conquests in the Americas, especially Mexico and Peru, in the Sixteenth Century	6
259642838	Encomienda	system used by the Spanish to conquer and settle the New World; it permitted conquering Spaniards to collect tribute from the natives and use them as slaves	7
259642839	Entrepreneur	one who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk in a business venture in the expectation of making a profit	8
259642840	Lateen Sails	triangular sails, spread from Islamic world to the European, combined with the square rig	9
259642841	Maniac	a tuber plant native to the New World that is used in the manufacture of tapioca	10
259642842	Mercantilism	an economic theory that held that a nation's prosperity depended on its supply of gold and silver and that the total volume of trade is unchangeable; therefore, advocated that the government play an active role in the economy by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, especially through the use of tariffs	11
259642843	Middle Passages	arduous journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas, up to a third of the slaves died	12
259642844	Portolani	detailed charts made by medieval navigators and mathematicians in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries; they were drawn on a flat scale and didn't take into account the curvarture of the earth	13
259642845	Shari'a	Islamic law code	14
259642846	Theravada	sect of Buddhism that emphasizes the original teachings of Buddha; considers Buddhism a way of life not a salvationist creed; means the teachings of the elders	15
259642847	Ulama	Muslim community of scholars	16