Ch. 20 Flashcards

48235386	Marco Polo	Marco Polo and his brothers were sent on a mission by the Pope	0
48235387	Otto I	established himself as Kingin Northern Germany, ventured into Italy to quell political disturbances, protect the church, and seek opportunities in the south.	1
48235388	Pope John XII	proclaimed the Otto emperor in 962ce	2
48235389	Pope Gregory VII	1073-1085 ordered an end to the practice of lay investiture-the selection and installation of church officials by lay rulers such as the emperors	3
48235390	Henry IV	1056-1106, when he challenged the pope's policy , Gregory excommunicated him and released his subjects from their duty to obey him	4
48235391	Frederick Barbarossa	"the red beard"- a vigorous and gallent man who reigned from 1152 to 1190. Had resorces to control Germany but the popes stopped him	5
48235392	Hugh Capet	987 he was elected King of France(he was only a minor nobel) after last of the Carolingians died	6
48235393	Duke William of Normandy	1066 invaded England and and ruled decendents of Angles, Saxons, and other Germans and introduced Norman principles of government and land tenure to England	7
48235394	Elenor of Aquitaine	most celebrated women of her day(1122-1204)	8
48235395	St. Dominic	founded orders of beggars and worked to pursuade heretics to return to the Roman Catholic Church	9
48235396	St. Thomas Aquinas	combined Aristotle's rational power with the teachings of Christianity	10
48235397	St Francis	founded orders of beggars and worked to pursuade heretics to return to the Roman Catholic Church	11
48235398	Pope Innocent III	the church he went to called for military capmaign to destroy the Cathars	12
48235399	Eric the Red	discovered Greenland and established colonies	13
48235400	Leif Ericsson	son of Eric the Red, found Canada	14
48235401	Robert Guiscard	carved out a state for himself in southern Italy	15
48235402	Rodger Guiscard	Conqured Sicily, later established his authority thoughout the island	16
48235403	Pope Urban II	launched the crusades in 1095, said, Christian knights to take up arms and seize the holy land	17
48235404	Peter the Hermit	preacher, organized a ragtag army of poor knights and enthusiastic peasants including women and men and was not successful	18
48235405	Saladin	recaptured Jerusalem, sealed Christianity in the Mediterranean	19
48235406	Holy Roman Empire	thought Christian revival of the earlier Roman Empire	20
48235407	Investiture Contest	either the Pope or the Emperor can dominate the other	21
48235408	Capetian Dynasty	Ruled and fonded by Hugh Capet	22
48235409	Normans	deccendants of Vikings, developers of English Monarchy	23
48235410	Champagne Fairs	allowed merchants from all over Europe to compare exchanged goods	24
48235411	Hanseatic League	well developed trade network	25
48235412	Three Estates	Those who pray-cleargy of the Roman Catholic Church; those who fight- feudal nobles, the military estate; those who work- mostly peasants and serfs	26
48235413	Chivalry	behavior and ethics for nobles	27
48235414	Troubadours	drew inspiration from a long tradition of love poestry produced nearby Muslim Spain	28
48235415	Guilds	group made by merchants and workers in arts, craft, and regulated the production of sale goods within their jurisdiction.	29
48235416	Cathedral Schools	school, invited many well known scholars to teach	30
48235417	Universities	transformed cathedral school	31
48235418	Sacraments	holy rituals that bring blessing	32
48235419	Saints	people who live perfect lives and think Gods are within them	33
48235420	Relics	remiains of a holy person	34
48235421	Pilgrimages	a trek to a holy area	35
48235422	Waldensians	deprised the roman catholic clergy as immoral and corupt, and thet advocated modest and simple lives	36
48235423	Cathars(Albigensians)	rejected roman catholic chruch, adopted the teachings of heretical groups in eastern Europe	37
48235424	Vinland	vikings attempted to settle here but left because of few resources	38
48235425	Teutonic Knights	took vows to fight against Muslims and Pagans	39
48235426	Reconquista	the reconquest of spain	40
48235427	Crusades	holy war	41