Chapter 16 Flashcards

47859990	Vasco de Gama	A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean.
47859991	Christopher Colombus	Italian explorer in service with Spain who arrived in the Americas in 1492.
47859992	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; reached the Philippines and circumnavigated the world.
47859993	Vasco de Balboa	First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains.
47859994	Francisco Pizarro	Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541).
47859995	East India Companies	British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trdae to india dn Asia; acted independently in their regions (in Indian Ocean area).
47859996	Columbian Exchange	The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
47859997	Lepanto	Naval battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims.
47859998	Core nations	Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials.
47859999	Dependent economic zones	Regions within the world economy that produced raw materials; dependent on European markets and shipping; tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor.
47860000	Treaty of Paris	Treaty that ended the Seven Years War in 1783.
47860001	Cape Colony	Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire; by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with Bantus.
47860002	Boers	Proclaimed their independence and defended their land against the British armies. By the 1880s, they and the British armies had taken control much of South Africa from several African peoples.
47860003	Calcutta	Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years' War; later became administrative center for all of Bengal.
47860004	Cape of Good Hope	Cape on the southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India.
47860005	Mercantilism	An economic system (Europe in 18th century) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests.
47860006	Mestizos	People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain; often part of forced labor system.
47860007	John Locke	English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.