Chp 4-5 Flashcards

236944750	persian empire	first large powerful empire in the world	0
236944751	cyrus	conquered fertile crescent. was crazy. his own soldiers killed him and there were no more heirs	1
236944752	darius I	conquered everything else from Pakistan to Eastern Europe. tries to conquer Greece: loses the battle of Marathon. had been an advisor to Cyrus. divides Persia into provinces, creates a system of roads. generally good emperor	2
236944753	behistun rock	declaration in Cuneiform and in Persian	3
236944754	xerxes	tries to invade Greece 10 years after his father fails. son of Darius. linked monarchy to religion	4
236944755	persian wars	10 years of trying to invade Greece	5
236944756	heinrich schliemann	concluded that there actuyally was a Trojan war	6
236944757	acropolis	high point where people could protect themselves	7
236944758	agora	low point where people lived and shopped	8
236944759	Spartans	were not traders. tough and disciplined. girls were not despised. conquered the Helots	9
236944760	zoroastrianism	monotheistic faith predating Christianity and Islam. good vs evil and freewill. Ahura Mazda vs. Ahriman (goodness vs lies) Zend Avesta is their religious Bible	10
236944761	corruption	number 1 cause of decline in Persian Empire due to increased taxation, isolation of the kings,and no rules for succession	11
236944762	athenians	mercantile; commercial farmers. treated women horribly. democratic. believed in education music and art	12
236944763	Herodotus	where we get most of our information about the Persian Wars (sides with Greece)	13
236944764	Peloponnesian war	smaller city-states get tired of the attitude of the athenians (spending money on themselves) so they go to sparta	14
236944765	thucydidies	writes about the Peloponnesian war	15
236944766	alexander the great	part of the Macedonian empire. conquers egyupt.	16
236944767	hellenistic period	time period from the time of Alexander until the rise of Rome	17
236944768	etruscans	conquered the little village of Rome (where the romans get the toga, builging, and organization of army from)	18
236944769	punic wars	against the city of carthage (which is a colony of the phoenicians)	19
236944770	1st triumvirate	consisted of caesar, pompey, and crassus	20
236944771	julius caesar	conquered gaul represents the Plebeians, paid his soldiers and respected them. assassinated ides of march.	21
236944772	pompey	married to caesar's daughter his army was favored by the senate	22
236944773	2nd triumvirate	consisted of marc antony, octavian, and marcus lepedus. marked the beginning of the Roman Empire	23
236944774	marc antony	good friend to caesar	24
236944775	octavian	caesar's adopted son who is married to marc antony's sister. (later becomes augustus caesar)	25
236944776	marcus lepedus	gets exiled by marc and octavian. goes to egypt and meets cleopatra. (have three kids) forms a military alliance to defeat octavian, but is defeated. kills himself	26
236944777	augustus caesar	the first emperor. name means "exulted one" was a good emperor because he didnt abuse his power	27
236944778	pontifus maximus	head priest (which the emperor was)	28
236944779	imperator	commander of the roman legions (which the emperor was)	29
236944780	tribune	had veto power over the senate	30
236944781	pax romana	when the best emperors were around. sets the precedent of choosing successor. 200 year period. "peace of rome"	31
236944782	marcus aurelius	beloved emperor. was a philosopher who did not want to be the emperor. knew how to rule wisely	32
236944783	diocletian	cut the empire in half. rules the west and appointed someone to rule the east	33
236944784	constantine	had to fight to claim power. accepted the divided rome. moves to the east which eventually becomes the byzantine empire	34
236944785	polis	means greek city-state. each had their own form of government and citizens had to be loyal	35
236944786	aristocracy	"rule of the best" which was most of the greek city-states and republic	36
236944787	athenian democracy	THE only democracy in the ancient world (and greece). people didnt always participate	37
236944788	limited democracy	citizens of all classes got to vote.	38
236944789	direct democracy	had to vote directly, showing up once a week. (aristocrats voted so the aristocrats won)	39
236944790	cincinnatus	asked by the Romans to become dictator. was a farmer, and in less than 6 months went back to the plow.	40
236944791	twelve tables	laws to protect the rights of the Plebeians	41
236944792	socrates	taught his students to question people even their parents. put on trial for corrupting the youth of athens. was considered a rebel. forced to be poisoned and kill himself	42
236944793	plato	did not have a lot of faith in the state of democracy. student of socrates	43
236944794	aristotle	tried to figure out how the world functioned physically. thought more about the sciences. impacted the byzantine and islam	44
236944795	herodotus	wrote about the persian wars. known as the father of history	45
236944796	pantheon	was dedicated to the roman gods	46
236944797	coliseum	was a roman arena	47