Unit 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

238547714	Dhimmi	people of the book	0
238547715	Jihad	Islamic holy war	1
238547716	Jizya	tax on non-muslims	2
238547717	Karbala	Site of the defeat and death of Husayn, the son of Ali.	3
238547718	Ridda	wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in the deaths of rival prophets; restored unity under Islam	4
238547719	umma	Muslim religious community	5
238547720	Wazir	Chief administrative official under the Abbasids	6
238547721	Zakat	Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims	7
238547722	al-Biruni	11th-century scientist; calculated the specific weight of major minerals.	8
238547723	al-Ghazali	Brilliant Islamic theologian; attempted to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions.	9
238547724	al-Razi	Classified all matter as animal, vegetable, and mineral.	10
238547725	Buyids	Persian invaders of the 10th century; captured Baghdad and acted as sultans through Abbasid figureheads	11
238547726	Demak	most powerful of the trading states on the north coast of Java; converted to Islam and served as point of dissemination to other ports	12
238547727	Ibn Khaldun	Great Muslim historian; author of The Muqaddimah; sought to uncover persisting patterns in Muslim dynastic history.	13
238547728	Kabir	Muslim mystic during 15th century; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam	14
238547729	Malacca	Flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya.	15
238547730	Sati	widow burning	16
238547731	Ulama	Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking.	17
238547732	Benin	Nigerian city-state formed by the Edo people during the 14th century; famous for its bronze art work.	18
238547733	Griots	Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire	19
238547734	Ibn Batuta	Muslim traveler who described African societies and cultures. A sort of Muslim "Marco Polo"	20
238547735	Juula	Malinke merchants	21
238547736	Mwene Mutapa	title of a king in Great Zimbabwe	22
238547737	Nok	central Nigerian culture	23
238547738	Sundanic states	States trading to North Africa and Mixing Islamic and indigenous ways	24
238547739	Timbuktu	Niger River port city of Mali; had a famous Muslim university.	25
238547740	Yoruba	Nigerian agriculturalists organized into small city-states.	26
238547741	Boyars	Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts	27
238547742	Manzikert	Seljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory	28
238547743	Vladimir I	Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev from 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity	29
238547744	Thomas Aquinas	creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of several Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God	30
238547745	Clovis	King of the Franks	31
238547746	Gregory VII	Pope during the 11th century who attempted to free Church from interference of feudal lords; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture.	32
238547747	Hanseatic League	An organization of cities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance.	33
238547748	Pope Urban II	pope who called for the first crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims	34