A.P. World History Unit II Flashcards

44297143	Globalization	The trend toward increased cultural and economic connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world.	0
44297144	Import	commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country	1
44297145	Export	commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country	2
44297146	Supply	an amount of something available for use	3
44297147	Demand	the amount of goods and services people are willing to buy	4
44297148	Scarcity	limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants	5
44297149	Commodities	economic goods or products before they are processed and/or given a brand name, such as a product of agriculture	6
44297150	Free Market Supply	An economic system in which the means of production are largely privately owned and there is little or no goverment control over the markets	7
44297151	Ration	a fixed portion that is allotted (especially in times of scarcity)	8
44297152	World Trade Routes	A relay system of trade by land and sea connections.	9
44297153	Trade Diaspora	networks of interconnected commercial communities living and working major trade cities through out Africa, Europe and Asia.	10
44297154	Pochteca	Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items	11
44297155	Timbuktu	a city in central Mali near the Niger river	12
44297156	Sahel	a strip of land that divides the desert from wetter areas	13
44297157	Haji	5th Pillar of Practice; pilgrimage to Mecca; wear simple attire to symbolize the abandonment of the material world for the sake of God	14
44297158	Lateen	a triangular fore-and-aft sail used especially in the Mediterranean	15
44297159	Jongs	used as a familiar form of address to a man or woman	16
44297160	Mongols	A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. >(p. 325)	17
44297161	Ming Dynasty	A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia	18
44297162	Abbasid Empire	founded by Abu- Al Abbas from 700 to 1258 and was based on equality	19
44297163	Pax Mongolica	Mongol peace	20
44297164	Yurts	movable tents Mongols lived in	21
44297165	Chinggis Khan	born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all MOngol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227 prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world	22
44297166	Vikings	one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century. Invaders of Europe.	23
44297167	Leif Eriksson	The son of Erik the Red. He sailed from west Norway to Greenland but strong winds blew his ship off course and carried him all the way to the North American coast	24
44297168	William the Conquer	A NORMAN KING who became the king of England	25
44297169	Battle of Lepanto	a naval battle fought between a Spanish and Venetian fleet and the German navy. The Spanish won. The battle meant that European navies ahd surpassed the Muslims. The Turks could no longer challenge Europeans on international routes.	26
44297170	Guilds	business associations that dominated medieval towns; they passed laws, levied taxes, built protective walls for the city, etc. Each guild represented workers in one occupation such as weavers, bakers, brewers, sword makers, etc.	27
44297171	Hanseatic League	a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas	28
44297172	Anselm	an Italian who was a Benedictine monk	29
44297173	Frances of Assisi	Saint who worried about animals	30
44297174	Thomas Aquinas	(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology	31
44297175	Renaissance	the revival of learning and culture	32
44297176	Humanism	the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason	33
44297177	The Medici Family	a powerful banking family who had branch offices throughout Italy and in the major cities of Europe.	34
44297178	Michelangelo	Florentine sculptor and painter and architect	35
44297179	Leonardo da Vinci	Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect	36
44297180	Niccolo Machiavelli	a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)	37
44297181	Johannes Gutenberg	German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)	38
44297182	Henry the Navigator	(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. (p. 425)	39
44297183	Bartolomeu Dias	Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean. (p. 428)	40
44297184	Vasco de Gama	A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean	41
44297185	Christopher Columbus	Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)	42
44297186	Amerigo Vespucci	Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America	43
44297187	Bubonic Plague	Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people	44
44297188	Vasco de Balboa	First European to reach the Pacific Ocean, 1513.	45
44297189	Aztec Empire	lead by emperor Montezume the Aztecs originally defeated the spainish but the spainish came back and defeated them through war and disease	46
44297190	Inca	a member of the small group of Quechuan people living in the Cuzco valley in Peru who established hegemony over their neighbors to create the great Inca empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s	47
44297191	Toltecs	Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice.	48
44297192	Caravel	A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. (p. 427)	49
44298400	Malay Sailors	Southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean; by 500 C.E., they had colonized Madagascar, introducing the cultivation of the banana	50
44298401	Swahili	the most widely spoken Bantu languages	51
44298402	Silk Road	An ancient trade route between China and Europe.	52
44298403	Mali Empire	From 1235-1400, this was a strong empire of Western African. With its trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao, it had many mosques and universities. The Empire was ruled by two great rulers, Sundiata and Mansa Musa. Thy upheld a strong gold-salt trade. The fall of the empire was caused by the lack of strong rulers who could govern well.	53
44298404	Songhay Empire	Portion of Mali after that kingdom collapsed around 1500; this empire controlled Timbuktu.	54
44298405	Ibn Battuta	Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. (p. 373)	55
45896878	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain	56
45896879	James Cook	English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779)	57
45896880	Abu Bakr	Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death.	58
45896881	Ali	the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites	59
45896882	Baghdad	Capital and largest city of iraq	60
45896883	Byzantine Empire	a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395	61
45896884	Caliphate	Office of a Caliph	62
45896885	Joseph Banks	a young scientist who made vast contribuations to botany and zoology on the basis of his findings on this voyage	63
45896886	Umar I	was the most powerful of the four Rashidun Caliphs and one of the most powerful and influential Muslim rulers	64
45896887	Caste	(Hinduism) a hereditary social class among Hindus	65
45896888	Imams	spiritual leaders of Shi'ah Islam, said to be direct descendents of Muhammad	66
45896889	Ulama	the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community	67
45896890	Dar al-islam	Got to find	68
45896891	Berber	a cluster of related dialects that were once the major language of northern Africa west of Egypt	69
45896892	Tribute system	A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies. (p. 307	70
45896893	Crusades	1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade	71
45896894	Dome of the rock	a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from which muhammad ascended through the seven heavens to the throne of God	72
45896895	Dynasty	a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family	73
45896896	Five pillars of Islam	Declaration of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage	74
45896897	Golden Horde	a Mongolian army that swept over eastern Europe in the 13th century	75
45896898	Hagia Sophia	Eastern Orthodox church built in Constantinople	76
45896899	Holy Roman Empire	the lands ruled by Charlemagne	77
45896900	Incan	a member of the small group of Quechuan people living in the Cuzco valley in Peru who established hegemony over their neighbors to create the great Inca empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s	78
45896901	Spanish Inquistion	systematic destruction of Muslims and Jews, forced them to get out of Spain, convert to Christianity, or die; was fall of Spain since Jews and Muslims were the merchants	79
45896902	Islam	the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life	80
45896903	Kublai Khan	Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China	81
45896904	Mali	a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa	82
45896905	Mansa Musa	this Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa	83
45896906	Marco Polo	Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324)	84
45896907	Mayan	a family of American Indian languages spoken by Mayan peoples	85
45896908	Mecca	a place that attracts many visitors	86
45896909	Medina	the ancient quarter of many cities in northern Africa	87
45896910	Mesoamerica	Mexico and Central America	88
45896911	Middle ages	the period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance	89
45896912	Ming	the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644	90
45896913	Mohammed	the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632	91
45896914	Peasent	A poor personwho lives on and farms the land	92
45896915	Pope	Head of Roman Catholic church	93
45896916	Pope Innocent II	most powerful pope; claimed to rule the whole world; covened 4th Lateran Council---annual confession of sin mass on Easter, mass became sacrifice, Jews live in ghettos	94
45896917	Qur'an	the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina	95
45896918	Song	the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279	96
45896919	Sufis	a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life	97
45994479	Sunni/Shia	one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam /	98
45994480	Tang	the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907	99
45994481	Tartars	Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact	100
45994482	Umayidd	a member of the dynasty that ruled at Damascus a.d. 661-750, claiming descent from Omayya, cousin of the grandfather of Muhammad the Prophet.	101
45994483	Vikings	Invaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia	102
45994484	Moors	the group of Muslims from North Africa who conquered Spain in the eighth century	103
45994485	Bedouins	Arab nomads	104
45994486	Woodblock printing	a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood	105
45994487	Astrolabe	an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets	106
45994488	Mosque	(Islam) a Muslim place of worship	107
45994489	Footbinding	practice in chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household	108
45994490	Compass	navigational instrument for finding directions	109
45994491	Zimbabwe	a landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia	110
45994492	Bantu	a family of languages widely spoken in the southern half of the African continent	111
45994493	Steppes	wide rolling grassy plains that stretch from the Black Sea to northern China	112