AP world vocab ch 14 & 15 Flashcards

259673257	Latin West	- Historians' name for the territories of Europe that adhered to the Latin rite of Christianity and used the Latin Language for intellectual exchange in the period ca.1000-1500.	0
259673258	Three Field System	A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.	1
259673259	Black Death	An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast number of persons.	2
259673260	Water Wheel	A mechanism that harness the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery. It was used in many parts of the world but was especially common in Europe from 1200 to 1900.	3
259673261	Hanseatic League	An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.	4
259673262	Scholasticism	A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century.	5
259673263	Humanist	European scholars, writers, and teachers associated with the study of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, languages, and moral philosophy, influential in the fifteenth century and later.	6
259673264	Printing Press	A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450.	7
259673265	Great Western Schism	A division in the Latin (western) Christian Church between 1378 and 1417, when rival claimants to the papacy existed in Roman and Avignon.	8
259673266	Hundred Years War	Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families.	9
259673267	Guild	In medieval Europe, and association of men (rarely women_, such as merchants, artisans, or professors, who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests. Guilds were also important in other societies, such as the Ottoman empire.	10
259673268	Gothic Cathedral	Large churches originating in twelfth century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows.	11
259673269	Renaissance	A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture.	12
259673270	Universities	Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin West from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities.	13
259673271	New Monarchies	Historians' term for the monarchies in France, England, and Spain from 1450 to 1600. The centralization of royal power was increasing within more or less fixed territorial limits.	14
259673272	Reconquest of Iberia	Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian state to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms.	15
259673273	Zheng He	An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.	16
259673274	Arawak	Amerindian peoples who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus.	17
259673275	Athahualpa	Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.	18
259673276	Henry the Navigator	(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.	19
259673277	Caravel	A small, highly maneuverable three-massed ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.	20
259673278	Gold Coast	Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward.	21
259673279	Bartolomeu Dias	Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean.	22
259673280	Vasco de Gama	Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.	23
259673281	Christopher Columbus	Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506), Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization.	24
259673282	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.	25
259673283	Conquistadors	Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru.	26
259673284	Hernan Cortes	Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain.	27
259673285	Moctezuma II	Last Aztec emperor, overthrown by the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes.	28
259673286	Francisco Pizarro	Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)	29