The Crusades Flashcards
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| 221569580 | Crusade | An expedition in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims | 0 | |
| 221569587 | Manzikert | Site in Anatolia where the Byzantines were devastated by Saljuq Turks. After this crippling blow, Byzantium never controlled Anatolia again | 1 | |
| 381019845 | Pope Urban II | Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades | 2 | |
| 381019846 | Peter the Hermit | Raised up an army for the first crusade by travelling throughout France, Germany, and the low countries and gaining support among popular audiences | 3 | |
| 381019847 | Holy War | A war declared or fought for a religious or high moral purpose, as to extend or defend a religion. | 4 | |
| 381019848 | Alexius I | Byzantine emperor who asked Pope Urban II for Christians to help him fight the Turks. This was the beginning of the 1st Crusade | 5 | |
| 381019849 | First Crusade | (1096 - 1099) Crusade called by Pope Urban II which captured Jerusalem. | 6 | |
| 381019850 | Second Crusade | (1145 - 1147) Crusade that failed because of internal disagreements among the crusaders and led to the loss of Jerusalem to Muslim, once again, in 1187. | 7 | |
| 381019851 | Saladin | He was one of the most famous Muslim leaders of the 1100s. He wished to chase the Crusaders back into their own territories. | 8 | |
| 381019852 | Third Crusade | (1189 - 1192) Crusade led by Richard I and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal | 9 | |
| 381019853 | King's Crusade | Another title for the third Crusade | 10 | |
| 381019854 | Frederick of Barabrossa | Holy Roman Emperor from 1152 to 1190; drowns during the Third Crusade | 11 | |
| 381019855 | Richard the Lion-Hearted | King of England from 1189 to 1199; negotiates with Saladin in the Third Crusade, and is later capture by Austrians | 12 | |
| 381019856 | Phillip II of France | King of the Franks from 1180 to 1190; goes on the Third Crusade, but returns to France early | 13 | |
| 381019857 | Fourth Crusade | (1202 - 1204) Crusade that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem | 14 | |
| 381019858 | Pope Innocent III | Catholic Church reached the height of its power under his reign in the 1200s; called for the Fourth Crusade | 15 | |
| 381019859 | Fifth Crusade | (1218 - 1221) Crusade under papal control that achieved military victories but failed when dissension arose over accepting the terms they had been offered | 16 | |
| 381019860 | Children's Crusade | Thousands of children were sent to the Holy Land where they were captured by Muslims; sold as slaves or died | 17 | |
| 381019861 | Eighth Crusade | (1270) Crusade led by King Louis IX, but was struck by a plague and many died before they got anywhere near Jerusalem. | 18 | |
| 381019862 | Famine | Severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death | 19 | |
| 381019863 | Black Death | The epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe | 20 | |
| 381019864 | Avignon Papacy | Period of Church history from 1308 to 1378 when the popes lived and ruled in Avignon, France instead of in Rome | 21 | |
| 381019865 | Inquisition | A former court of justice of the Roman Catholic Church created to discover and suppress heresy | 22 | |
| 381019866 | Manoralism | System that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages. | 23 | |
| 381019867 | Age of Exploration | Time period when Europeans searched for new sources of wealth and for easier trade routes to China and India; resulted in the discovery of North and South America | 24 |